We all have a thing that we can’t help doing almost every day. This is nothing but mathematics. We would like to listen to music; this is just mathematics because the rhythmic beats of melody make us pleasant in our hearing, and how many beats offer pleasure to us relies on mathematics, as Dr Khin Maung Win, who is U Khin Maung Latt and Daw Khin Myo Chit’s son, said. Of course, we must number items or calculate costs nearly daily.

These are mathematics only. So, even though we do not like mathematics at all, this subject is impossible to be negligible in one way or another. We can study essential mathematics based on Gagne’s Information. Processing Model of Learning. Now, this model will be explained in the following.

In his book Essentials of Learning for Instruction (1975), Gagne forwarded the theory concerning how humans obtain information during a learning process. According to his learning theory, stimuli from the external environment will activate the nervous system through the human sensory organs. This information will be interpreted in the short-term memory, encoded transit and stored in the long-term memory in conceptual form. When retrieved, it will first enter the response operator, which can decide, control and implement the form of human behaviour that interacts with the environment. According to Gagne, experiences kept in long-term memory are important for humans to facilitate the process of new learning.

Founded on his theory, Gagne later ascertained and suggested the eight phases usually experienced by the human mind during a certain learning process. Those eight phases are motivation, comprehension, storing, retention, recall, generalization, performance, and feedback.

Firstly, signal learning is the most primitive form of learning, and it can be grouped under the classical conditioning theory of learning, as explained by Pavlov. For example, humans learn the signal of smoke as fire and that of lightning as thunder 

through experience. 

Secondly, stimulus-response learning is related to stimuli that have been planned and stimulated with individuals’ responses in order to produce changes in their behaviour, which can be classified under the operant conditioning suggested by Skinner. For instance, the teacher shows a pyramid object for students to read out `pyramid’.

Thirdly, chain learning refers to various relationships which occur after the process of stimulus-response learning with the aim of upgrading the learning stage to a higher level. For example, one is able to make sentences by relating words such as `Health is a gift of nature’.

Fourthly, verbally associated learning is the primary form of learning a language. One example of this learning is the name of a person with his address, such as `Saw Thae Aung from Thebwet’. 

Fifthly, multiple discrimination learning means selecting one response only from various stimuli in learning. One instance of this learning is that after learning the difference in pronouncing the scientific name Amoeba in Biology and the person’s name Moe Moe in Myanmar, it will enable a student to pick one only to pronounce `moe’ in Amoeba. 

Sixthly, conceptual learning is referred to as learning in forming concepts with representative symbols based on the same characteristics. For example, birds, chickens, and ducks belong to the bird family, and cats, tigers, and lions are also related to the cat family.

Seventhly, principal learning is the relationship between two or more concepts that have been learned. For instance, `Water flows to a lower level’ is a principle in which water is seen to be able to flow and take space in any lower place. 

Eighthly, problem-solving learning is learning through the thinking process by using concepts and principles which have been learnt. For example, the exact height of a pyramid in Egypt can be calculated in accordance with similar triangles, namely by Thales. According to Gagne, the four important categories which must be mastered by students in mathematics are fact, skill, concept and principle. Mathematical facts are the language of mathematics, such as symbols to present numbers (e.g. 0, 1, 2, 3), operation signs (e.g. +, -, ×, ÷), and Greek alphabets (e.g. alpha, beta, theta, phi).

These mathematical facts can learned through memorization, verbal or written practice, and games under stimulus-response learning. Mathematical skills are procedure operation-out accuracy in a reasonable, appropriate time. Examples of such skills include constructing the right angle and drawing circles, which are mastered through practice and games. As such, this type of learning is actually chain learning. Mathematical concepts are abstract ideas derived from concrete examples, 

such as definitions given in the form of set and perimeter. Those concepts can be done through understanding definitions or observations of concept-related objects. Hence, this learning is called conceptual learning.

Finally, the mathematical principle is an integration of and relationship between the concepts of mathematics. These concepts can be learned through the process of inquiry-discovery or problem-solving. A student is said to have mastered a certain principle when he can ascertain the concepts contained in the principle, relate these concepts according to a suitable sequence, and apply this principle in some specific situation.

This kind of learning is simply problem-solving, which is considered the most complex level of learning. Bruner’s other theorems of learning mathematics are still left that should be studied, as follows.

Theorem of construction:

The most effective way for a student to master a certain mathematical concept, principle or law is to construct a representation to express this mathematical concept, principle or law, where practical activities should be carried out.

For example, a student might master the commutative law using the discovery method to obtain the law by means of such a few operations as addition and multiplication.

Theorem of notation: Mathematical notations should be introduced according to a student’s cognitive development. For example, in the teaching of algebraic equations, it is better to start with notations such as y= 2x + 3. After mastering this, the equation y = f(x) could be introduced at the upper secondary school level.

Theorem of contrast and variation: The procedure to introduce abstract representation from concrete representation involves contrast and variation operations. Most mathematical concepts will not be meaningful if they cannot be distinguished from other concepts. For example, concepts like curve, radius, and diameter can be more meaningful only if their characteristics can be distinguished. Other than this, every new mathematical concept should be introduced with various types of examples — 3x+ 4x = ?, 3x + ? = 7x, ? + 4x= 7x.

The theorem of relation:

Every mathematical concept, principle and skill ought to relate to other concepts, principles and skills. During the teaching process, a teacher should use existing concepts, principles or skills to form new ones. For example, the operation in multiplication goes well only after that in addition. And the operation of differentiation is inversely related to that of integration.

Some students fear mathematics like a ghost, while others get bored with doing mathematics. Then, they will be in poor mathematics quite undesirably. In fact, students should not do badly in mathematics in one way or the other. What I learned from an article in Mingala Maung Mel Magazine, as far as I can remember, is that someone has to familiarize themself with anything that he is afraid of. Really, we can learn mathematics by doing only. Students who are not interested in mathematics are also given the opportunity to solve mathematical problems with a will.

In actual fact, when students learn mathematical sums, they need to understand mathematical concepts all first but not memorize them by heart. Second, they had better do these sums all by themselves. Lastly, they should frequently do their well-learnt mathematical calculations very repeatedly. If they wish, they can try to find solutions to unseen math problems.

Mathematics is the language of physics, as the old curriculum on Grade 9 Physics stated. That is, mathematics and physics often go hand in hand, and it will not be difficult for a student to become an outstanding one in Physics if he has a good command of math. Clearly, mathematics takes an enormous role not only in physics but also in other fields of study, such as engineering, chemistry, research, medicine, meteorology, hydrology, and even literature. Finally, there is only one thing that I want to say once again. Learn mathematics by doing only!

Source- The Global New Light of Myanmar

IN the early days of diplomacy, nations forged their relationships through formal letters, emissaries, and discreet negotiations conducted behind closed doors. Today, however, the landscape has dramatically shifted. World leaders now convey diplomatic messages with the simplicity of a tweet, and global policy discussions unfold in real-time across social media platforms. The internet has ushered in a new era of diplomacy – often referred to as ‘Twitter diplomacy’ or ‘digital diplomacy’ – which is revolutionizing how countries interact with one another and connect with their citizens.

The Power of Twitter Diplomacy 

Consider a single tweet: 280 characters sent from a smartphone can now influence millions of people around the world in seconds. No leader has demonstrated this more dramatically than former US President Donald Trump, who used Twitter not just as a platform to communicate domestic policies but as a tool for global diplomacy.

From directly addressing North Korean leader Kim Jong Un to announcing US foreign policy decisions, Trump showed how a tweet could bypass traditional diplomatic channels, instantly shaping international discussions.

But it’s not just the US that has embraced digital diplomacy. Around the globe, leaders like Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi have harnessed the power of social media to connect directly with citizens and international audiences. In 2023, during the G20 Summit held in New Delhi, Modi utilized platforms like Twitter (X) and Instagram to promote India’s presidency of the G20, share key initiatives, and highlight the importance of global cooperation on issues like climate change and sustainable development. His active engagement on social media allowed him to shape narratives around India’s leadership role in addressing global challenges while fostering dialogue and collaboration among member countries.

Public Diplomacy and Crisis Management

One of the key strengths of digital diplomacy is its ability to reach not only foreign governments but also global citizens. Public diplomacy – winning the hearts and minds of people in other countries – has taken on new meaning in the digital age. Social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram are now crucial tools for embassies and government officials to promote cultural diplomacy and create positive narratives about their nations.

For instance, South Africa’s Department of International Relations and Cooperation actively uses social media to promote its cultural diversity and initiatives, engaging with global audiences through posts that highlight its rich heritage, traditional music, and significant events like the annual Nelson Mandela Day celebrations. In contrast, China utilizes platforms like Weibo to promote its Belt and Road Initiative, sharing stories of infrastructure projects and cultural exchanges. Meanwhile, Bhutan leverages social media to highlight its unique approach to Gross National Happiness, sharing insights into its cultural values and sustainable development efforts, fostering goodwill and understanding through shared cultural experiences.

In times of crisis, social media can also serve as an essential tool for diplomatic communication. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Organization and various government officials used platforms like Twitter to coordinate international responses and provide timely updates on health guidelines. Similarly, in the aftermath of natural disasters or terrorist attacks, social media allows governments to disseminate information, request aid, or offer assistance quickly.

The Hazards and Hurdles

Nevertheless, for all its advantages, social media also introduces significant risks to the world of diplomacy. One of the most pressing concerns is the spread of misinformation and disinformation. Fake news can inflame conflicts, deepen misunderstandings, and even destabilize governments. A significant example occurred during the conflict between Israel and Hamas in 2021 when misinformation circulated on social media about the events leading to the violence.

False narratives and misleading images were shared widely, inflaming tensions and polarizing opinions internationally. This misinformation complicated diplomatic efforts by various countries seeking to mediate the conflict, illustrating how social media can quickly escalate diplomatic crises and hinder constructive dialogue in sensitive geopolitical situations.

Another challenge is the informal and often unpredictable nature of digital diplomacy. Traditional diplomacy is built on careful negotiation and tact, but social media allows for impulsive, unfiltered statements that can escalate tensions. A single tweet can lead to diplomatic fallout if misinterpreted or seen as inflammatory. In an era where world leaders have instant access to millions of followers, a moment of poor judgment can have far-reaching consequences.

Shaping Global Opinions and Soft Power

While challenges persist, the capacity of social media to influence international relations is profound. For instance, during the negotiations surrounding the Iran nuclear deal (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) in 2015, social media became a battleground for narratives. Key diplomats, including US Secretary of State John Kerry, utilized platforms like Twitter to provide real-time updates and to counter misinformation about the negotiations. This online engagement allowed for greater transparency and helped to rally support from both domestic and international audiences. Furthermore, after the deal was reached, social media was instrumental in disseminating messages of hope and collaboration, as well as in addressing concerns from sceptics in various countries. This example highlights how social media can serve as a vital tool in diplomacy, shaping perceptions and facilitating dialogue during critical negotiations.

The Next Chapter of Diplomacy in a Digital Era As social media continues to evolve, so too will the nature of diplomacy. Future diplomats will need to master not just the art of negotiation but the skill of digital communication. Social media platforms will increasingly become critical arenas for public diplomacy, crisis management, and even negotiations.

On the other hand, the world must also consider the need for international laws and diplomatic protocols to keep up with the pace of digital change. What measures can be taken to ensure world leaders’ responsible online communication? How can the spread of misinformation be controlled without infringing on free speech? As digital diplomacy becomes more entrenched in global politics, these are questions that will need answers.

Conclusion

Diplomacy in the digital age is fast, direct, and powerful. Social media has transformed global politics, creating new opportunities for engagement and new risks. Leaders now have the power to shape international relations with the click of a button, and the world is watching. In this rapidly changing landscape, diplomacy will need to adapt, ensuring that even in the digital age, dialogue and cooperation remain at the heart of international relations.

Refs:

• Cohen, E (2019). Digital Diplomacy: The Impact of Social Media on International Relations. Routledge.

• Bachmann, A, & Weber, R (2018). “The Role of Social Media in Shaping International Relations.” International Studies Quarterly, 62 (2), 283-295.

• Gilboa, E (2019). “The Impact of Social Media on Diplomacy: From Information to Action.” The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, 14 (2), 178-201.

• Peters, M (2020). “Navigating Digital Diplomacy: Opportunities and Challenges.” Foreign Affairs, 99 (3), 56-64.

• Kampf, R, & Lentz, B (2021). “Digital Diplomacy and the Role of Social Media in Global Governance.” Global Policy, 12 (1), 55-63.

• Krook, M L, & Restrepo, M (2020). “Digital Politics: New Media, New Power in Global Governance.” International Studies Review, 22 (4), 870-895.

• Miskimmon, A, O’Loughlin, B, & Roselle, L (2020). Strategic Narratives: Communication Power and the New World Order. Routledge.

• Stevens, D (2021). “Social Media, Foreign Policy, and International Relations.” Journal of International Affairs, 74 (1), 145-162.

• Müller, P (2022). “The Digital Transformation of Diplomacy: Challenges and Perspectives.” European Journal of International Relations, 28 (1), 20-40.

• Walsh, K C (2023). “Digital Diplomacy: How Social Media Shapes Foreign Policy.” Global Affairs, 9 (1), 47-64.

Source- The Global New Light of Myanmar

STEPPING into the vibrant world of Bassein Arts and Science College (now Pathein University) as a first-year student, I was eager to explore every new opportunity that came my way. From engaging lectures to a wide array of extracurricular activities, college life promised a wealth of experiences. Whether it was learning Japanese, trying my hand at Karate, or picking up a tennis racket for the first time, I was determined to make the most of it all. However, it was rowing that ultimately captured my heart.

This demanding yet rewarding sport quickly became my passion, symbolizing not just physical strength but the endurance of the mind and spirit. Little did I know, however, that unforeseen events would soon bring an abrupt and heartbreaking end to my rowing journey.

Everything in the new environment of Bassein Arts and Science College (now Pathein University) seemed exciting to me. It was my first time stepping into the college as a first-year student, and the atmosphere was full of new experiences. The lectures and practical work were captivating, but it wasn’t just the academics that drew my attention. The extracurricular activities were equally enticing, especially the Japanese language course, Karate training sessions in the evenings, and sports like tennis and rowing.

Some of my friends and I joined the Japanese language classes. These were taught by Saya U Saw Hlaing and Sayama Daw Cherry, both of whom had lived in Japan. The classes started at 4 pm and ended at 5 pm, and while we didn’t complete the course, the reason for dropping out escaped my memory. Perhaps it was the allure of another activity – the Karate training. I remember envying the students in their Karate uniforms, proudly displaying yellow, green, and black belts. Intrigued by their progress, one of my roommates and I decided to join the Karate course. However, we didn’t last long. Our instructor, Ko Myint Sein, a black-belt Karate master and final-year student at the time (later becoming a tutor in the Geography Department), was quite strict and often scolded us. After just a few days, we abandoned the training.

Before coming to college, I had been a badminton player in my hometown during my high school days. At Bassein College, I saw my two roommates, Ko Saw Lwin (from Pyay) and Ko Than Nyunt (from Okpo), both skilled tennis players. They owned tennis rackets and wore smart tennis uniforms as they headed to the court every evening. I was envious once again and thought I could easily pick up tennis since I had experience with badminton. One day, I joined them at the tennis court, eager to show my skills.

However, I quickly realized that playing tennis was not as easy as I had imagined. I could barely serve the ball across the net. To make matters worse, a group of girls from Myintzu Hall, whose windows overlooked the tennis court, laughed at my awkward attempts. That was the end of my tennis adventure.

Soon, my attention turned to the rowing club. Fortunately, Kan Thon Sint Lake, located right in front of the college, made rowing activities very accessible. The rowing club at Rangoon Arts and Science University (RASU) had shared four four-oared boats and other necessary equipment with us. I recall that the head of the rowing club was Saya U Minn Than Thaung, a lecturer from the Physics Department, while other trainers included Saya U Tun Hyke (Geography Department), Saya U Thein Win (Geology Department), Saya U Soe Myint (Botany Department), and Sayar U Thet Oo (Geology Department), who also happened to be our hall tutor.

Before we could get into the boats, we had to do hours of warmup exercises. Instead of rowing on the water, we were trained on fixed rowing machines, where the hours spent were carefully registered.

Only after completing a sufficient number of training hours were we allowed to step into the actual boats. These boats were Western-style four-oared vessels, and the rowing commands were all in English. Though my memory is a bit hazy, I still remember a few of the commands:

“Stand by, Crew!”

“One foot in!”

“In together!”

“Push away!”

“Toucher!”

“Next stroke, Row!”

“Harder!”

In rowing, the “Cox” is the leader who sits at the back, steering the boat and giving commands.

The crew consisted of four rowers, with the “Bow” being the rower farthest from the Cox and the “Stroke” sitting closest. I found the sport captivating, and within a month, I was rowing well. The tutors and trainers, all highly skilled, shared their knowledge generously, and I felt deeply committed to the sport.

The rowing club had a motto written above the entrance to the boat-keeping house: “Row Till You Are Dead.” I found it inspiring, as it symbolized the dedication and perseverance needed to excel in rowing. In this sport, unity is key – each crew member must synchronize their movements perfectly.

If even one rower is out of sync, the boat’s performance suffers, and the whole team can lose in a tournament.

There was a popular saying among university students about rowing: “If you don’t have a girlfriend, join the rowing and hiking clubs.” (မကြည်တောင်တက်၊ မရလှေလှော်) Although it was meant as a joke, I didn’t find any romance during my time at the rowing club, but that didn’t stop me from becoming a dedicated rower. I enjoyed every moment on the water.

Sayar U Min Than Thaung often gave some briefings about rowing to the new trainees. Some were forgotten, but some have been vivid in my mind up to now.

In Western-style boat rowing, the rowers have to follow a set of key disciplines to ensure smooth and efficient movement of the boat.

Some of the essential disciplines include: Unity and Synchronization: The most critical discipline in rowing is for all crew members to row in perfect unison. Each movement must be identical, from the timing of strokes to the power applied, to avoid disrupting the balance and speed of the boat.

Proper Technique: Rowers must maintain proper form and technique. This includes correct posture, grip, and stroke execution to maximize efficiency and minimize injury.

Endurance and Stamina: Rowing is physically demanding, requiring rowers to build their endurance and stamina to sustain high-intensity efforts over long distances without faltering.

Listening to Commands: The crew must strictly follow Cox’s commands. The Cox steers the boat and directs the crew’s actions, and rowers must respond immediately to instructions like “One foot in,” “In together,” “Next stroke Row,” and “Harder.”

Coordination of Power: The rowers need to balance power output, ensuring each stroke is forceful enough to propel the boat but not so uneven that it disrupts the boat’s glide.

Focus and Mental Toughness: Rowing requires sustained concentration, as distractions or loss of focus can break the rhythm.

Rowers must also have mental resilience, especially during long or competitive races. These disciplines combine to create the precision and teamwork required in Western boat rowing, where even a small deviation by one crew member can affect the entire boat’s performance.

However, 1975 brought unexpected misfortune. In that year, a major crisis hit Rangoon Arts and Science University (RASU), forcing all universities and colleges in the country to close.

We were all sent home for what turned out to be a long holiday of several months. When the situation eventually calmed down, the authorities decided to reopen the universities and colleges.

But bad luck struck again, this time in the form of a devastating cyclone. On 7 May 1975, a powerful cyclone with winds reaching 120 miles per hour tore through the Ayeyawady Division. It caused widespread destruction, blowing off roofs and collapsing buildings, including many at our college. The rowing club’s boat-keeping house was utterly destroyed, along with all the boats inside.

That storm marked the end of our beloved rowing club. The boats were gone, and with them, my dreams of rowing till the end.

The motto above the entrance, “Row Till You Are Dead,” still resonated with me, but circumstances had changed everything. I wanted to row for as long as I lived, but life had other plans.

The devastation of the cyclone not only swept away the boats but also took with it a piece of my spirit. The motto “Row Till You Are Dead,” which had once inspired me to push beyond my limits, now felt like a bittersweet memory, a reminder of the dreams that circumstances had taken away. Yet, despite the tragic end to my rowing journey, the lessons I learned – unity, perseverance, and mental toughness – stayed with me. Life, much like rowing, is unpredictable and filled with storms, but the discipline to endure remains. Though I could no longer row on the waters of Kan Thon Sint Lake, the resilience it had instilled in me continued to steer my life’s course. While the boats may be gone, the spirit of rowing lives on in my heart, reminding me that sometimes the journey matters more than the destination.

(This article is written in honour of the Bassein College Rowing Club.)

Source- The Global New Light of Myanmar

WHEN I first encountered the term ‘eBook readers’, I assumed that it referred to people, as the word ‘readers’ suggested individuals who read. However, after looking into it, I found that eBook readers are actually inanimate devices, not human beings. Later, when I introduced these devices to my students in the classroom, I discovered many benefits.

However, in the current era, I have faced certain challenges due to parents who are reluctant to give their children smartphones as they feel it is inappropriate. This article is written specifically for those parents.

The Dawn of eBook Readers

As the sun rises in the digital age, the dawn of eBook readers signifies a transformative shift in how we consume literature and information. This revolution, much like the first light of dawn breaking through the night, brings with it new possibilities and unprecedented convenience for readers around the globe.

The advent of eBook readers has fundamentally changed the landscape of reading. Gone are the days when one needed to lug around heavy books or find space on crowded shelves. With eBook readers, entire libraries now fit into sleek, portable devices, offering a new horizon where accessibility and ease go hand in hand.

In a world increasingly concerned with sustainability, the environmental benefits of eBook readers cannot be overstated. Traditional book production involves significant use of natural resources and contributes to deforestation. eBook readers, on the other hand, offer a greener alternative by reducing the need for paper and minimizing the carbon footprint associated with the publishing industry.

eBook readers also enhance the reading experience through customization. Users can adjust font sizes, styles, and screen brightness to suit their preferences, making reading more comfortable and personalized. Features like built-in dictionaries, note-taking capabilities, and hyperlinks enrich the reader’s interaction with the text, creating a dynamic and engaging experience.

eBook readers open up new worlds for those with visual impairments or reading difficulties. Adjustable font sizes, text-to-speech functions, and integrated audiobooks make literature more accessible to a broader audience, fostering an inclusive environment where everyone can enjoy the joys of reading. In our fast-paced world, eBook readers cater to the need for instant gratification. With just a few clicks, users can download new releases, classics, or even niche genres, all without stepping out of their homes.

Additionally, eBooks are often more cost-effective than physical books, with many classic titles available for free or at a fraction of the cost. The dawn of eBook readers marks just the beginning. As technology continues to evolve, we can anticipate even more advancements in the realm of digital reading. From interactive content to augmented reality features, the future holds exciting prospects for how we engage with written works. 

The emergence of eBook readers symbolizes a bright new day for literature and information consumption. Just as dawn heralds the start of a new day, eBook readers usher in an era of unprecedented accessibility, environmental sustainability, and personalized reading experiences. Embracing this dawn crack means stepping into a future where the joys of reading are more accessible and engaging than ever before.

The Excellent Benefits of eBook Readers 

The digital age has revolutionized countless aspects of our lives, and the way we read books is no exception. eBook readers have emerged as a transformative technology, offering an array of benefits that traditional books cannot match. Here’s why eBook readers are more than just a passing trend. One of the most significant advantages of eBook readers is their portability. Imagine having an entire library at your fingertips, all contained within a sleek, lightweight device. Whether you’re commuting to work, travelling abroad, or simply lounging at home, an eBook reader allows you to carry hundreds, if not thousands, of books without the bulk and weight of physical copies.

eBooks are often more affordable than their printed counterparts. Publishers save on printing, distribution, and storage costs, which translates to lower prices for consumers. Additionally, many classic literature works and public domain books are available for free, making eBook readers a budget-friendly choice for avid readers.

Switching to eBooks has positive environmental implications.

The production of physical books involves significant resource consumption and carbon emissions, from paper production to transportation. By opting for digital books, you’re contributing to the reduction of deforestation and the carbon footprint associated with traditional publishing.

eBook readers come with various built-in features that enhance the reading experience. Integrated dictionaries, note-taking capabilities, and highlighting tools make it easy to interact with the text in meaningful ways. Some devices even offer internet connectivity, allowing for instant access to additional resources and book purchases.

These features are especially useful for students and researchers. For those who love to collect books, space can become an issue. eBook readers eliminate the need for physical storage, freeing up your living space while still satisfying your reading habits. This is particularly advantageous for city dwellers or those with limited space. By the way, I remember the days when my Dad was alive. He was a bookworm, and his hobby was collecting books.

Therefore, there were huge bookshelves in our living room. He was always proud of his own books. If he knew about eBooks like now …

In the digital era, we’ve become accustomed to instant access to information and entertainment. eBook readers cater to this demand by allowing users to download books instantly from online stores and libraries. Gone are the days of waiting for a book to be shipped or finding time to visit a bookstore – your next read is just a click away.

eBooks can incorporate multimedia elements such as audio, video, and interactive graphics, providing a richer and more engaging experience than traditional books. This is especially valuable for educational materials, where interactive content can enhance understanding and retention.

In addition, eBook readers offer a host of excellent benefits, from convenience and customization to environmental sustainability and cost savings. As technology continues to advance, eBook readers will likely become even more integrated into our daily lives, shaping the future of reading for generations to come. So, why not embrace this digital revolution and explore the world of eBooks? Your next great read is waiting.

The Pros and Cons of eBook Readers

In the era of digital technology, eBook readers have carved a niche for themselves among avid readers and casual book lovers alike. While these devices offer numerous advantages, they also come with certain drawbacks. Let’s explore the pros and cons of eBook readers to help you decide if they’re the right choice for you.

Pros of eBook Readers

One of the most significant benefits of eBook readers is their portability. You can carry an entire library with you, whether you’re commuting, travelling, or just lounging at home. The lightweight and compact design makes it easy to store and access hundreds of books without the bulk. eBooks are generally cheaper than physical books. The reduced costs of printing, distribution, and storage mean savings are passed on to the consumer. Additionally, many classic works and public domain books are available for free or at a nominal cost.

eBook readers offer a personalized reading experience. Users can adjust the font size, style, and background colour to suit their preferences. Features like built-in dictionaries and note-taking tools enhance the reading experience, making it more interactive and engaging.

By opting for eBooks, readers contribute to environmental sustainability. The production of physical books involves significant resource consumption and carbon emissions. eBook readers reduce the need for paper and help lower the carbon footprint of the publishing industry.

For those with limited space, eBook readers are a godsend. You no longer need to worry about finding space for your growing book collection. Everything is stored digitally, freeing up physical space in your home.

Cons of eBook Readers

While eBooks may be cheaper, the initial cost of purchasing an eBook reader can be a barrier for some. Devices can range in price, and the investment might not be justified for occasional readers. Prolonged screen time can lead to digital fatigue, including eye strain and headaches. Unlike physical books, eBook readers rely on screens, which may not be comfortable for all readers, especially during extended reading sessions.

While eBook readers have decent battery life, they still require charging. A dead battery at a critical reading moment can be frustrating, whereas physical books never run out of power. With eBooks, the concept of ownership changes. You’re essentially buying a licence to read the book, which means you can’t easily share or lend books as you would with physical copies. Digital rights management (DRM) restrictions can further complicate this aspect.

Many readers cherish the tactile sensation of holding a physical book, the smell of the paper, and the joy of turning pages. eBook readers can’t replicate this sensory experience, which may detract from the overall enjoyment for some book lovers.

In brief, eBook readers offer numerous benefits, including portability, cost savings, and a customizable reading experience. However, they also come with drawbacks, such as digital fatigue and the loss of the sensory experience associated with physical books. Ultimately, the choice between eBooks and traditional books comes down to

personal preference and reading habits. As the digital landscape continues to evolve, so too will our ways of engaging with literature. Embracing both formats may offer the best of both worlds. Regardless of whatever the issue may be, I have been making my students use many eBook readers in my classroom and their homes since the New Normal began in our society.

Source- The Global New Light of Myanmar