Natural disasters have significant impacts on developing countries. Hazards such as earthquakes, storms, floods, and droughts damage infrastructure, agriculture, and industries, slowing down economic growth. Due to limited financial resources, recovery efforts in developing countries tend to be slow. Additionally, natural disasters cause loss of life, injuries, and displacement, worsening poverty and inequality. The disruption of clean water supplies, outbreaks of infectious diseases, and damage to healthcare systems affect public healthcare. The destruction of schools and educational institutions halts children’s education, leading to long-term human capital losses and hindering sustainable development.

Characteristics of Developing Countries
Developing countries typically have low GDP and economic growth, relying more on agriculture than on industries and services. They often have lower rankings in the Human Development Index (HDI), with lower literacy rates and weaker healthcare systems. Basic infrastructure, such as transport, electricity, water supply, and communication networks, is often limited, and urban development is slow. High birth rates and mortality rates may be present, with large income gaps between the rich and the poor. Job opportunities are limited, and unemployment rates are high. Developing countries frequently rely on foreign aid or loans for economic development. Investment in research and development is low, leading to slow technological progress. Their economies are highly dependent on natural resources (e.g., mining, agriculture), and exports mainly consist of raw materials. Gender equality and human rights challenges may also be prevalent.

Severity of Natural Disasters
Natural disasters impact individuals as well as entire countries or regions. In developing countries, these impacts can be particularly severe. Damage to infrastructure (roads, bridges, factories) halts production and trade. The destruction of agricultural land and the loss of crops threaten food security and export revenue. Recovery requires large financial resources, diverting funds from development projects. Displacement and increased poverty from disasters disrupt social stability. The destruction of schools and hospitals interrupts education and healthcare services, delaying human capital development. Psychological trauma within communities can affect long-term social development. Floods, landslides, and droughts degrade natural resources (soil, water, forests), affecting sustainable development. Climate change is making natural disasters more frequent and intense, necessitating greater investments in environmental conservation. Governments face significant challenges in disaster management and administration, as emergency response efforts often take precedence over other development policies. Disasters disproportionately impact vulnerable populations, exacerbating cycles of poverty and inequality. Job losses and reduced income due to disasters increase social disparities.

Mitigation Strategies
Developing countries must implement strategies to mitigate the effects of natural disasters. These include establishing disaster monitoring and early warning systems (e.g., storm alerts, earthquake monitoring), educating local communities about disaster preparedness and conducting rescue drills, constructing disaster-resistant infrastructure (e.g., reinforced homes, strong bridges), incorporating sustainable urban planning to avoid hazardous areas, promoting climate-resilient farming practices (e.g., drought-resistant crops) and water resource management, increasing the use of renewable energy sources (e.g., solar power, wind energy), forming national disaster management agencies and securing emergency response funds, implementing disaster insurance programs, seeking financial, technical, and training assistance from international organizations, enhancing regional cooperation to share resources and knowledge, and providing special protection and support for vulnerable groups such as women and children. By prioritizing these measures, countries can reduce disaster-related damages and losses.
Benefits of Disaster Preparedness
By enhancing disaster resilience, developing countries can achieve several benefits. Economic stability improves, and recovery costs decrease. Social development strengthens, reducing poverty and inequality. Environmental protection enhances climate resilience, mitigating climate change. Early disaster forecasting and improved emergency response systems reduce death rates. Public awareness campaigns and disaster preparedness initiatives empower communities to respond effectively. Well-executed prevention strategies safeguard homes and infrastructure (e.g., roads, bridges, dams) from destruction. Agriculture and food security become more stable. Forced displacement due to disasters decreases, lowering refugee crises. Healthcare systems improve, helping prevent disease outbreaks (e.g., diarrhoea after flooding). Preserving forests and promoting sustainable farming practices enhance climate resilience. Improved water management prevents floods and droughts. International cooperation increases funding and technological support for disaster risk reduction. Through education and training, communities gain resilience against disasters.
Natural disasters significantly impact the economy, society, and development prospects of developing countries. However, by prioritizing preparedness, infrastructure development, and international collaboration, these countries can mitigate disaster effects and support long-term development. Strategies should be adapted to local needs to ensure effective implementation. Developing countries must integrate proactive disaster risk reduction policies, strengthen infrastructure, and encourage community participation to build resilience against future disasters.

Source: The Global New Light of Myanmar

We live in a vibrant world of colours, don’t we? Colours surround us, shaping our perceptions and emotions in ways we often take for granted. We describe a clear blue sky, a deep red rose, as white as snow, or as black as coal. These phrases are so common that we rarely pause to consider how deeply colours are woven into the fabric of our language and culture. In English, many everyday expressions draw from colours to convey emotions, situations, and identities. Beyond English, colours hold profound meanings in various cultures, including Myanmar, where they carry spiritual, social, and historical significance. Now, let’s explore the world of colours, their universal expressions, and their unique role in Myanmar’s rich tapestry.

Colours in Emotions and Expressions
Colours often serve as metaphors for our feelings. When we say we’re feeling blue, we mean we’re sad or lonely, a sentiment echoed in the soulful genre of music called the blues, born from the hardships of African-Americans. The phrase “out of the blue” describes something unexpected, like a sudden phone call from an old friend, while “once in a blue moon” refers to rare events, such as a family reunion after years apart. In professional contexts, “blue-collar” workers are those in manual labour, distinguished from “white-collar” office workers, a distinction rooted in the uniforms worn historically.
In my country, the colour blue holds a serene significance. It is often associated with peace and tranquillity, reflected in the calm waters of Inlay Lake or the clear skies above Bagan’s ancient pagodas. Blue is also prominent in traditional attire, such as the longyi worn by both men and women, where soft blue hues symbolize modesty and harmony. During festivals like Thingyan, the Myanmar New Year water festival, blue decorations adorn homes, signifying renewal and purity as people cleanse the old year’s troubles.
Moving to pink, the colour carries political and personal connotations. Calling someone “pink” in English suggests mild socialist leanings, while “in the pink” means being in excellent health, as celebrated in the 1950s song lyric, “Enjoy yourself while you’re still in the pink”. Interestingly, the little finger is nicknamed a “pinkie”, a term of endearment for something small yet significant.
However, here, pink is less political but deeply cultural. It is a popular colour for women’s clothing, especially in delicate shades worn during religious ceremonies. Pink flowers, like lotuses, are offered at pagodas, symbolizing purity and devotion in Buddhist traditions. During the Tazaungdine Festival, when pagodas are illuminated, pink lanterns often glow alongside golden lights, creating a festive atmosphere that blends joy and spirituality.
Red, a bold and fiery colour, is loaded with meaning. Politically, being “red” denotes strong leftist or communist views. Emotionally, to “see red” is to be consumed by anger. In business, being “in the red” signals financial loss, while in sports, a red card in football means ejection for rule-breaking. To “paint the town red” is to revel wildly, perhaps bar-hopping late into the night. Red also appears in positive contexts: we “roll out the red carpet” for VIPs, celebrate “red-letter days” for special occasions, or describe vibrant music as “red hot.” To be “caught red-handed” is to be nabbed in the act of wrongdoing, a phrase rooted in the imagery of blood-stained hands.
Similarly, in our country, red is a colour of passion and reverence. It dominates religious settings, where red robes worn by monks signify their spiritual commitment. Red is also prominent in Nat (spirit) worship, where offerings of red cloth are made to appease guardian spirits. During weddings, brides often wear red accents in their attire, symbolizing love and prosperity. The red of the Myanmar national flag represents courage and solidarity, a reminder of the country’s struggle for independence. In rural markets, red betel leaves are sold widely, their vibrant hue a staple in daily life as people chew betel quid for its stimulating effects.
Yellow, meanwhile, can carry contrasting meanings. Calling someone “yellow” in English implies cowardice, a lack of bravery. In football, a yellow card serves as a warning for minor infractions. Yet, yellow ribbons in the United States symbolize welcome, tied around trees to greet returning soldiers. Yellow is also the colour of sunshine and optimism, brightening moods universally.
However, yellow, in Myanmar, is sacred and royal. Saffron and golden yellow hues are associated with Buddhism, seen in the robes of monks and the gilded domes of pagodas like Shwedagon in Yangon. During the full moon of Kason, yellow flowers are offered to commemorate the Buddha’s birth, enlightenment, and passing. Yellow also appears in traditional astrology, where it is linked to specific days of the week, influencing decisions like what to wear or which rituals to perform.
Black is a colour of contrasts. In fashion, it’s timeless and chic, the go-to for elegance and martial arts’ highest belts. Yet, black also evokes mystery or fear, as in black holes, black magic, or black spirits. Positively, a company “in the black” is profitable, but a “black sheep” is an outcast, someone who deviates from family norms.
In Myanmar, black is less common in daily attire but holds cultural weight. Black ink is used in traditional tattoos, believed to offer protection from harm, a practice rooted in ancient warrior traditions. Black is also the colour of mourning, worn during funerals to express grief and respect for the deceased. In contrast, black stones like jade are prized in Myanmar’s gem markets, symbolizing wealth and endurance. The black of a starry night sky inspires awe, often depicted in local art as a backdrop to golden pagodas.

Colours as Identity and Communication
Colours also define group identity. School uniforms, military attire, or sports team jerseys use colours to foster belonging. National flags, with their unique colour schemes, encapsulate a country’s history and values. In Myanmar, the national flag’s yellow, green, and red stripes, with a central white star, represent unity, peace, and bravery. During international events like the Southeast Asian Games, Myanmar fans wave these colours proudly, signalling their national pride.
Colours communicate instantly. Traffic lights use amber, red, and green to guide drivers with clear instructions: slow down, stop, go. In business, colour choices are strategic – a bank’s calm blue logo projects trust, while fast-food chains use red and yellow to stimulate appetite and urgency. In Myanmar, businesses often incorporate gold in their branding, evoking prosperity and divine favour, a nod to the country’s Buddhist heritage. During festivals, colourful kadaw cloths – offered to monks—signal respect and generosity.

Colours in Myanmar’s Cultural Fabric
Myanmar’s relationship with colours extends beyond universal metaphors, deeply rooted in its spiritual and social life. The country’s astrology system assigns colours to each day of the week, influencing personal choices. For example, Monday is linked to cream or white, encouraging people born on that day to wear light colours for luck. Saturday, associated with black or dark purple, might inspire someone to choose darker tones for important occasions. This practice underscores how colours guide daily decisions, from clothing to rituals.
Festivals in Myanmar are a riot of colours. During Thingyan, streets come alive with multicoloured water balloons and vibrant decorations, symbolizing joy and renewal. The Thadingyut Festival of Lights sees homes adorned with green, yellow, and white lanterns, celebrating the Buddha’s return from the heavens. These colours aren’t arbitrary – they carry spiritual weight, connecting participants to their faith and community.
In traditional arts, colours tell stories. Myanmar’s yoke thé (marionette) puppets are painted in vivid reds, blues, and golds, each hue reflecting a character’s role – red for passion, blue for wisdom, gold for divinity. Similarly, thanaka, the yellowish paste applied to faces, is both a beauty mark and a symbol of protection, its earthy tone blending with the skin to create a unique cultural signature.
Colours also mark life’s milestones. At a Myanmar wedding, the bride’s golden jewellery and the groom’s green taikpon jacket symbolize wealth and fertility. In contrast, white dominates funerals, representing purity and the soul’s journey to the next life. Even in cuisine, colours play a role – think of the vibrant green of tea leaf salad or the rich orange of mohinga, Myanmar’s national dish, each hue inviting the senses.

The Power of Colour
Colours shape our world, from the words we use to the identities we embrace. They convey emotions, signal intentions, and bridge cultures. In Myanmar, colours are more than visual – they’re spiritual, historical, and personal, woven into the nation’s festivals, beliefs, and daily rhythms. Without colour, life would indeed be dull, stripped of the vibrancy that defines our experiences. By understanding what colours represent, we deepen our connection to the world, appreciating the hues that paint our lives with meaning.

Source: The Global New Light of Myanmar

When people are afflicted with an illness or a disease, they visit the Outpatient Department (OPD) to receive the services and care it renders. The Outpatient Department is a medical facility of a hospital where patients can seek a vast range of medical care and treatments without the need for hospital admission. It is one of the first points of encounter between a hospital and patients with different medical conditions. In essence, the OPD services reflect the standard, quality and efficiency of a hospital.
The Outpatient Department (OPD) offers its services to a diversity of individuals with varying medical needs. Those who usually visit the OPD are patients with minor ailments or chronic conditions, patients requiring specialized consultation, patients referred from primary health care facilities, individuals needing medical diagnostics, individuals seeking immunization and preventive care, mental health patients, paediatric patients, elderly patients, rehab patients, expectant mothers and gynaecological patients.
Based on the types of services they render or the types of patients to whom they provide, the Outpatient Department (OPD) can be categorized into various types, and the common ones are general OPD, specialist OPD, medical OPD, surgical OPD, obstetric and gynaecological OPD, child OPD, cancer OPD and dental OPD. With a view to managing the patient flow efficiently and reducing waiting times, different appointment systems like walk-in systems, scheduled appointment systems, time-slot systems, specialist-specific systems, recurring or follow-up appointment systems, online appointment systems and telemedicine integrated systems are adopted by the OPDs across many healthcare settings.
The Outpatient Department (OPD) is designed to proffer a variety of medical services to patients who do not require hospitalization. When patients walk into the OPD, its staff receive and welcome them and then record and register their details and the reasons for their visits. These patients can consult with general practitioners or specialists according to their specific medical needs. In general consultation, the general practitioners will examine patients and evaluate their medical history. They will instruct patients to get the investigations and provide a diagnosis. They will, then, recommend patients a treatment plan and give them advice on how to manage their existing conditions and prevent future health problems. But, if required, they may refer patients to appropriate specialists based on their medical conditions. Alternatively, patients can directly book an appointment with specialists. In specialized consultation, specialists are inclined to pry a detailed history out of patients and go deeper in examining them by performing specialized tests and techniques. Patients will be recommended for advanced diagnostic tests like blood tests, biopsies, echocardiograms, stress tests, CT, MRI or other imaging for a confirmed diagnosis. These investigations are usually conducted within the OPD or at the associated facilities. Then, a treatment tailored to the diagnosis will be provided. Patients can purchase medicines from the on-site pharmacy or external medical shops. Patients are instructed to attend follow-up visits to assess the progress of their diseases or adjust their treatments. Minor procedures and wound care are conducted, and some injections are administered in the OPD. Procedures like dialysis or chemotherapy are also performed in a day-care setting. Vaccinations, routine medical check-ups and preventive screenings for cancer, diabetes and obesity are also available here.
The Outpatient Department (OPD) coordinates with other departments to provide collaborative, holistic care. Patients requiring advanced care or surgery are referred to the appropriate inpatient wards in the hospital. Rehabilitation and recovery support, like physiotherapy, speech therapy and nutritional advice, are rendered to patients recovering from severe chronic diseases or major surgeries. Mental health counselling and stress-management support are also provided. The OPD helps caregivers realize the conditions of their patients and train them on how to give care at home. Many hospitals use specialist rotation plans to meet the demands of patients effectively. The services of the OPD also include patient education and counselling, specialized referral, integrated health workshops, patient outcome tracking and training future medical personnel.
For the implementation of various services, the Outpatient Department (OPD) should be endowed with many essential physical facilities and amenities. These should include general and specialist consultation rooms, a reception counter, a registration desk, waiting areas, minor procedure rooms, examination rooms, treatment rooms, emergency rooms for unexpected urgent cases, a pharmacy, a nursing station, utility rooms, and toilets. All rooms and areas should be spacious, clean, well-lit and sufficiently installed with well-functioning air-conditioners to maintain a pleasant temperature. There should be enough comfortable seating arrangements for all who come here. Consultation rooms should be provided with adequate privacy and soundproofing for the interest of patients. The on-site pharmacy should be well-stocked with various items of drugs and medical products. There should be on-site diagnostic labs and radiological rooms equipped with advanced diagnostic tools. Handwashing stations, drinking water supply sites and sanitized toilets should be ready for utilization. The OPD should be designed to have a smooth, concrete and spacious floor which ensures an easy and convenient transport of patients using wheelchairs or trolleys. For all attendees, phone charging points, Wi-Fi, and a cafeteria should be provided in the waiting areas. They should be entertained with TV programmes highlighting health issues or booklets sharing health information to engage them during the wait.
A variety of staff should be assigned to perform the services of the Outpatient Department (OPD) ebulliently and efficiently. General practitioners and different types of specialists play a key role in providing services and care to patients. The common types of specialists are general physician, cardiologist, neurologist, endocrinologist, nephrologist, general surgeon, orthopaedic surgeon, neurosurgeon, plastic and maxillo-facial surgeon, paediatrician, gynaecologist, obstetrician, radiologist, pathologist, microbiologist, oncologist, eye specialist, ear, nose and throat specialist, mental health specialist, haematologist, rheumatologist. Nursing staff include registered nurses, specialist nurses, triage nurses and nurse-aids. The staff related to investigations are lab and radiological technicians. Pharmacy staff are pharmacists and pharmacy technicians. Administrative staff are receptionists, medical record staff and medical social staff. Support staff are security personnel and general workers. An administrative officer should be assigned to oversee administrative procedures.
When patients visit the Outpatient Department (OPD), their minds are overcome with a mix of emotions and concerns. They worry about the results of investigations of their diseases and possible diagnoses and treatments. Some are frustrated by their chronic conditions, prolonged waiting times and delayed procedures. Amongst many challenges and inconveniences in their daily lives, they have to come to the OPD in the hope of finding the best solution to their health problems. In the encounter with the OPD staff, patients, as a rule, expect to receive a warm welcome and smooth two-way communication from the staff, which makes them feel encouraged and supported. They also expect that doctors will provide them with a detailed discussion of their diseases and special advice on them. All patients prefer an individualized special care approach tailored to their particular health concerns. They value the timely information from the staff about appointment reminders and follow-up instructions through phone, message or email. They desire to be involved in making decisions on their own cases.
Therefore, to fulfil the expectations and satisfaction of patients, the OPD staff should treat them with respect and good public communication. They should show understanding, empathy and mercy to their concerns and challenges. They should provide complete and clear information about procedures, waiting times and next appointments. There should be efficient management to prevent queue jumping. The staff should maintain a high standard of professionalism in appearance, behaviour and communication. There should be an effective, streamlined process from registration up to the follow-up to reduce waiting times. They should keep the privacy and confidentiality of patients. They should be heedful of the diverse cultural beliefs of patients and adapt their communication styles to avoid misunderstandings and conflicts. They should be committed to continuous medical learning so that they can offer patients much more advanced and effective treatments at all times and help them regain their normal health, the greatest blessing in their lives. They should place great emphasis on vulnerable groups such as elderly patients, children or the handicapped. They should flexibly react to challenges which arise during periods of high patient volumes or when an unexpected medical or technical crisis occurs. Through these skills and attitudes, the OPD staff can comfort and encourage patients, fostering an atmosphere of care, empathy and professionalism.
Strategies for training the OPD staff to offer better services should include communication and empathy training, emergency response training, infection control and hygienic practices, continuous professional development, conflict resolution and stress management, continuous feedback loops, patient experience assessment workshop, cultural sensitivity training, quality and safety control training, incorporating technology in training, mobile app for continuous learning, cross-departmental training and team-building exercises. Incentives of various kinds should be offered to the staff by the management team to create staff satisfaction, which then leads to patient satisfaction.
In conclusion, for the Outpatient Department (OPD) can render more efficient and qualified services and care to patients, it must be equipped with a sufficient number of highly competent and dedicated staff and physical facilities. There must be a streamlined patient flow and a smart workflow to create the best advantage for patients. It must offer integrated, patient-centred care through a harmonious and united effort of all staff. However, the burnout risks of staff from overburdening must be strategically handled for their retention. The OPD should collaborate with the community to develop community-oriented services. It should foster a culture of excellent care, prioritize patient experience and develop a patient loyalty programme. It should help patients gain access to and continuity of care. Its far-sighted targets should include the improvement of the online booking system, telemedicine expansion, application of artificial intelligence in various procedures, holistic personalized medicine, a one-stop health hub and a community outreach programme.

Source: The Global New Light of Myanmar

The international community’s earthquake relief support to Myanmar depicts true compassion, solidarity, and commitment to a shared future.
The Mandalay Earthquake that struck Myanmar in late March claimed 3,763 lives and injured 5,107 people, with 110 still reported missing as of 24 April, causing widespread devastation across major urban areas, especially in central Myanmar.
The disaster consisted of two consecutive quakes: the first, a powerful 7.7-magnitude tremor, struck near Sagaing. Within just seconds, a second quake measuring 6.9 in magnitude was shaking with its epicentre near TadaU, Mandalay. Therefore, Mandalay, Nay Pyi Taw and Sagaing were impacted the most devastation of the quake, where the former two cities are economically and executively important to the country.
The National Disaster Management Committee (NDMC) announced, as of 19 April, that a total of 65,096 residential housings; 2,514 schools, 4,317 monasteries and nunneries; 6,027 religious sites including pagodas, temples and stupas; 350 healthcare areas including public hospitals and clinics; 38 locations on the rail transportation system; 269 roads; 203 sites on the Yangon-Mandalay Expressway; 586 dams and water reservoirs, and 170 bridges across the country were damaged by the quake.
Chairman of the State Administration Council, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, immediately requested international aid to remedy the heavy casualties and devastation of the country amid the quake. The call was quickly responded to by the international community. Neighbouring countries such as China, Thailand and India; friendly nations such as Russia and Belarus, ASEAN nations; many countries that build diplomatic relations with Myanmar, and international organizations such as UNICEF and WHO poured in their helping hands to Myanmar.
“Dealing with disasters typically pushes diplomatic relations along the pathway which it was on before,” Professor Ilan Kelman remarked concerning disaster diplomacy in an interview with Business Insider in 2018.
In this regard, many presidents, prime ministers, military leaders, top diplomats and top leaders of many countries sent their condolences to Myanmar day by day through various channels following the powerful earthquake.
The very first, Russian President Vladimir Putin stated his condolences to Myanmar in a statement published on the Kremlin’s website, underlining his deepest condolences on the tragic consequences of the earthquake in Sagaing and Mandalay regions and stating that Russia shares the grief of the friendly people of Myanmar, the Russian media reported.
Consequently, on the next day, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing received phone calls and letters from world leaders expressing their condolences to Myanmar. It witnessed the extensive diplomatic activities with Myanmar in the international diplomatic realm.
What is more, as per Professor Ilan Kelman, it is learned that: “the diplomatic efforts following such events (disasters) can serve as a catalyst for the thawing of political and diplomatic relations between nations,” and “the evidence from disaster diplomacy studies suggests that disaster-related activities do not create fresh diplomatic opportunities, but that they have the possibility for catalyzing diplomatic action.”
On this point, the 6th Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) Summit was held in Bangkok, Thailand, from 2 to 4 April 2025. It marked the first in-person meeting of BIMSTEC leaders since 2018. The Myanmar delegation, led by Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, participated in the summit and related side events. The summit focused on enhancing prosperity, resilience, and openness for the region’s 1.7 billion people. During the meetings, BIMSTEC leaders held a minute of silence to express their condolences for the recent tremor that happened in Myanmar and Thailand.
During the BIMSTEC meetings, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing extended additional requests to the international community to reinforce resettlement operations in Myanmar for the post-earthquake trauma. He met with the current BIMSTEC Chair, Thailand Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra and Indian Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi ahead of the BIMSTEC meetings discussed domestic situations of the socio-political landscape, and exchanged views on disaster management.
The BIMSTEC leaders issued a joint statement on the impact of the earthquake on 4 April. It bolsters the solidarity of the regional bloc in supporting the mechanism of relief and recovery efforts, including collaboration through the BIMSTEC Centre for Weather and Climate to provide critical weather information and enhance early warning systems in the region. The efforts of the BIMSTEC member states in providing humanitarian assistance and disaster relief to Myanmar had been appreciated in the bloc statement.
In addition, Prime Minister Senior General Min Aung Hlaing met with Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, the rotational chair of ASEAN 2025, in Bangkok, Thailand, on 17 April. The meeting highlighted the extensive collaboration of the bloc in the relief of Myanmar from the earthquake disaster.
It is highly challenging for the people of Myanmar to be resilient in this catastrophe with huge destruction unexpectedly, in addition to the multi-sectoral hardships on social, economic and political grounds in the meanwhile.
Worse again, hundreds of aftershocks ranging from mild to severe with magnitudes between 3.0 and 5.5 continued shaking the country until mid-April every day. Every aftershock reportedly struck with a shallow depth of around 10 kilometres or below, intensifying their impacts. During these three weeks, there was no such day on which the aftershocks did not strike the regions alongside the Sagaing Fault, as well as in surrounding areas near the Kyaukkyan Fault and other smaller faults in Shan State.
Sagaing Fault: The seismic activity of the 1,200-kilometre-long Sagaing Fault is highly active. It is responsible for major earthquakes in Myanmar’s history, such as the Bago Earthquake with a 7.3-magnitude in 1930 and the Mandalay Earthquake with a 7.7-magnitude in 1946. Since the fault passes through the urban area with high population density, and it runs north-south through the country, further studies have to be conducted later. Therefore, many external geologists and seismologists should conduct further studies on these deadly active tectonic plates.
Over the past weeks, rescuers, medical teams, and shipments of relief and humanitarian supplies from various countries have been arriving in Myanmar, batch by batch. As of 17 April, rescue workers, medical teams, Red Cross personnel, and humanitarian aid workers from 25 countries have been actively involved in rescue and resettlement operations in Myanmar following the earthquake.
“A total of 1,956 rescuers, 2,332 tonnes of humanitarian supplies and 1,170 tonnes of relief and rescue assistance from 25 countries have been received through 136 flights,” Maj-Gen Zaw Min Tun shared the information with the media on 17 April.
Senior General Min Aung Hlaing’s immediate declaration of emergencies and request for international assistance following the devastating tremor, which truly was part of effective disaster management, and the spontaneous responses of the international community on humanitarian grounds truly saved many souls and properties.
A total of 653 lives were rescued and 754 bodies were found by Myanmar Fire Brigade personnel and foreign rescuers as of 18 April. Amongst, eight lives were saved and 203 bodies were discovered by the foreign rescuers, according to the NDMC.
The people of Myanmar express our deepest gratitude to every nation, humanitarian organization, and international body that reached out to help us during our nightmare of this earthquake disaster. Every support of the international community has touched our hearts overwhelmingly.
In summary, the earthquake in Myanmar on 28 March not only caused enormous suffering for the people of Myanmar, but it was also observed blessing in disguise. The recent earthquake disaster renewed engagement in addressing urgent humanitarian needs. The increased international aid witnessed a true compassion of caring and sharing in the essence of the shared future.

Source: The Global New Light of Myanmar

Earthquakes are one of nature’s most destructive forces, capable of causing widespread devastation in a matter of seconds. While we cannot prevent earthquakes from occurring, we can significantly reduce their impact through collective awareness, preparation, and action. Natural disasters such as earthquakes strike without warning, leaving behind trails of destruction, sorrow, and loss. The ground shakes, buildings fall, and lives are changed forever within moments. In the face of such devastating events, individual efforts alone are not enough. It is only through collective action, the combined strength of communities, governments, organizations, and individuals that we can truly overcome the challenges and rebuild stronger than before.
When an earthquake hits, the immediate priority is saving lives. Rescue teams, medical professionals, and volunteers must work hand in hand to provide emergency aid. This rapid response is only possible if communities are trained and prepared in advance. Therefore, collective preparedness such as earthquake drills, emergency plans, and shared knowledge can significantly reduce the loss of life. Schools, workplaces, and neighbourhoods must unite in practising these safety measures regularly.
After the initial shock, the path to recovery requires even more cooperation. Rebuilding homes, restoring infrastructure, and healing from trauma take time and effort. Governments can provide funding and policy support, while local and international organizations offer technical assistance and relief supplies. Community members can participate in rebuilding efforts, support each other emotionally, and ensure no one is left behind. The power of unity becomes evident when everyone, regardless of their background, works towards a common goal.
First and foremost, education and awareness are crucial. Many people are unaware of the signs of an impending earthquake or the safety procedures to follow. The offices, schools, and all communities must join forces to educate the public about earthquake risks and safety measures. Regular drills, public campaigns, and the integration of disaster preparedness into school curriculums can help ensure that everyone knows how to act quickly and calmly during an earthquake.
Secondly, building infrastructure that can withstand seismic activity is essential. In earthquake-prone regions, strict construction standards should be enforced, and older buildings should be retrofitted to meet modern safety codes. Architects, engineers, and city planners all have a role to play in ensuring that our built environment does not become a trap during a quake. Investing in resilient infrastructure today can save countless lives tomorrow.
Community cooperation is another powerful tool. Neighbours helping neighbours can make a significant difference in times of crisis. Forming local emergency response teams, establishing communication plans, and stockpiling essential supplies can improve survival rates and reduce chaos during an earthquake. When communities come together to prepare, the impact of disasters is often greatly reduced.
Technology and science also offer valuable support. Early warning systems, seismic monitoring networks, and mobile alerts can provide precious seconds or even minutes of warning, giving people time to take cover. Governments and private sectors should work together to invest in these technologies and ensure they are accessible to all.
Moreover, collective action plays a crucial role in reducing future risks. By learning from past experiences, communities can push for stronger building codes, improved early warning systems, and better land-use planning. Public education campaigns shared disaster data, and community-led resilience projects helped create a culture of safety and awareness.
In conclusion, while we may not be able to stop earthquakes from happening, we can certainly prevent their worst effects by preparing and acting together. Let us unite and take collective responsibility to make our homes, schools, offices and cities safer. By joining hands — before, during, and after a disaster — we can protect lives, rebuild communities, and emerge stronger. Let us all remember: together, we are resilient. Together, we can overcome any disaster.

Source :The Global New Light of Myanmar 

INWA, Myanmar, April 4 (Xinhua)

Htet Htet Win stands before the shattered remains of Me Nu Brick Monastery, once a proud symbol of Inwa’s rich history and a lifeline for its people. But it’s not just Me Nu Brick Monastery. Nearly all of Inwa’s ancient structures collapsed in the March 28 7.7-magnitude earthquake, which hit central Myanmar’s Mandalay Region, leaving Inwa in ruins. Also known as Ava and located in the Mandalay Region, Inwa was an ancient capital of Myanmar from the 14th to the 19th century, and is home to over 960 ancient buildings and pagodas.

Instead of selling flowers and guiding visitors through centuries-old temples, Htet Htet Win now gestures toward piles of broken bricks and fallen pillars, explaining how the disaster wiped out not only Inwa’s heritage but also her livelihood.

“The earthquake broke our pot of rice,” said the 22-year-old, using a Myanmar proverb about lost livelihoods. “The monastery fed us. When it collapsed, I felt like we no longer had our pot of rice,” she said on Wednesday.

For years, she and her family thrived here. Tourists came for the ancient monasteries and pagodas, and locals like her earned a steady income through selling flowers, taking pictures for visitors, and sharing stories of the ancient pagodas. On busy days, she made more money than she could count, she said. But the earthquake changed everything. The ground roared, and Inwa’s ancient landmarks, including monasteries, stupas, centuries-old structures, crumbled.

Brick by brick, Me Nu Monastery collapsed. Homes cracked open. Roads split.
Yet Inwa’s loss is more than financial. It is a daily struggle for survival as the earthquake shattered water pipelines, cutting off access to clean water for hundreds of families.

“We now have to collect water from the Ayeyarwady River,” Htet Htet Win said. “But some riverbanks have collapsed, making it even harder to reach.”

At night, fear lingers. With homes unsafe, many sleep outdoors. Each aftershock jolted them awake, a cruel reminder that the worst may not be over. Still, amid the hardship, she clings to the small mercy of survival. “Compared to other places, we are safe from death. No one was killed in our ward,” she said.

Unlike nearby Sagaing, Tada-U, and Mandalay where bodies were pulled from collapsed buildings, Inwa was spared mass casualties. But survival alone does not put food on the table. The tourists are gone. The monasteries are in ruins. And without visitors, there is no income.

Inwa, covering an area of seven square miles, boasts a rich history with 961 buildings and pagodas. Inwa has also been preparing for its nomination to the UNESCO World Heritage List, local media reports said. The ancient monastery attracted over 1,000 visitors daily before COVID-19, and hundreds of visitors before the earthquake, Htet Htet Win said.

Htet Htet Win looks at what remains of her city — once a thriving historical site, now a pile of broken bricks and shattered dreams. She said she doesn’t know if the monastery will ever be restored.

But she refuses to give up, “We have to keep struggling.” 

Source: Xinhua

In a significant diplomatic and technological milestone, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, Chairman of the State Administration Council and Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services , embarked on a high-profile visit to Russia. This visit, which took place on 2 September 2024, as noted in the official records, marks a pivotal moment in the strengthening of bilateral ties between the two nations. The primary focus of this collaboration is the peaceful advancement of space technology, a field that holds immense potential for Myanmar’s development. Here, let us explore the details of this partnership, the discussions held, the technological exchanges planned, and the profound benefits that Myanmar stands to gain from this alliance, all while emphasizing the commitment to peaceful applications of space exploration.

The Context of the Visit
The meeting between Senior General Min Aung Hlaing and high-ranking Russian officials, including the Senior General of the Russian Federation and the Deputy Prime Minister, underscored a mutual interest in fostering cooperation beyond traditional diplomatic channels. Held under the auspices of the State Administration Council Chairman Prime Minister Senior General’s Office, the discussions centred on leveraging Russia’s advanced space technology expertise to support Myanmar’s aspirations. The presence of key figures such as the Deputy Prime Minister and other senior officials from both nations highlighted the strategic importance of this partnership. The talks were not merely ceremonial; they were a concrete step toward integrating Myanmar into the global space technology ecosystem, with a clear emphasis on peaceful purposes.
The image accompanying the article depicts a formal meeting, with Senior General Min Aung Hlaing seated alongside Russian counterparts in a conference room, surrounded by an array of officials. This visual representation symbolizes the seriousness with which both nations are approaching this collaboration. Additionally, the second image showcases a rocket assembly process, hinting at the technological exchange that is at the heart of this partnership. These visuals serve as a testament to the tangible progress being made and the ambitious goals set forth during the discussions.

The Foundation of the Partnership
Russia has long been a global leader in space exploration, with a legacy that includes the launch of the first human into space, Yuri Gagarin, and the development of the Soyuz spacecraft. The country’s space agency, Roscosmos, has been instrumental in advancing satellite technology, rocket manufacturing, and interplanetary missions. For Myanmar, a nation with a burgeoning interest in modern technology but limited infrastructure in this domain, this partnership offers a unique opportunity to leapfrog into the 21st-century space age.
The discussions during Senior General Min Aung Hlaing’s visit focused on several key areas. First, there was an emphasis on the establishment of satellite technology, which could revolutionize communication, weather forecasting, and disaster management in Myanmar. Second, the collaboration extends to rocket manufacturing and space launch capabilities, with plans to potentially establish a joint factory or research facility. Third, the exchange of expertise between Russian and Myanmar scientists was a critical component, aimed at building local capacity over time. This multifaceted approach reflects a long-term vision for Myanmar’s integration into the global
space community.
Peaceful Advancement of Space Technology
A cornerstone of this collaboration is the commitment to using space technology for peaceful purposes. The State Administration Council Chairman Prime Minister Senior General’s Office has explicitly outlined that the partnership with Russia will focus on “peaceful utilization of space technology”. This stance aligns with international norms and treaties, such as the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, which mandates that space exploration be conducted for the benefit of all countries and prohibits the placement of weapons of mass destruction in orbit.
For Myanmar, the peaceful application of space technology translates into tangible benefits across multiple sectors. Satellite technology, for instance, can enhance communication networks in remote regions, where traditional infrastructure is lacking. Weather satellites can provide early warnings for natural disasters such as cyclones and floods, which are frequent challenges in Myanmar due to its geographical location. Moreover, space-based data can support agricultural planning, enabling farmers to optimize planting and harvesting schedules based on precise meteorological information.
The rocket assembly process depicted in the image is a symbol of this peaceful intent. Rather than being geared toward military applications, the technology transfer is intended to support scientific research, education, and industrial development. This aligns with the broader goal of fostering regional economic integration, as Myanmar seeks to position itself as a key player in Southeast Asia’s technological landscape.

Benefits for Myanmar
The potential benefits of this collaboration for Myanmar are vast and multifaceted, touching upon economic, educational, and social dimensions.

Economic Growth and Industrial Development
One of the most immediate advantages is the boost to Myanmar’s industrial sector. The establishment of a joint rocket factory or space technology facility, as hinted at in the discussions, could create thousands of jobs. This would not only reduce unemployment but also stimulate related industries such as metallurgy, electronics, and engineering. The production of fertilizers, a critical need for Myanmar’s agrarian economy, could also be enhanced through space-derived technologies, such as precision agriculture guided by satellite imagery.
Furthermore, the export of space technology components or services could open new revenue streams for Myanmar. By partnering with Russia, a nation with a robust space industry, Myanmar could eventually contribute to the global supply chain, elevating its economic status on the international stage.

Educational Advancement
Education is another area poised for transformation. The exchange of scientists and engineers between Russia and Myanmar will facilitate knowledge transfer, enabling the training of a new generation of space professionals. Universities in Myanmar could introduce space science curricula, fostering innovation and research. This educational upliftment is crucial for a country that has historically faced challenges in building a skilled workforce in high-tech fields. The image of the rocket assembly also serves as an inspirational tool. It can motivate young Myanmar students to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), thereby laying the foundation for a knowledge-based economy.

Regional and Global Integration
On a broader scale, this partnership enhances Myanmar’s role in regional and international affairs. By collaborating with Russia, Myanmar gains access to a network of space-faring nations, potentially including China and India, which are also active in the region’s space race. This integration could lead to joint missions, shared satellite networks, and cooperative disaster response systems, strengthening Myanmar’s position in Southeast Asia.
The visit’s emphasis on regional economic integration, as noted in the document, suggests that Myanmar aims to use space technology as a tool for diplomacy and development. For instance, satellite data could be shared with neighbouring countries to address transboundary issues such as climate change and resource management.

Challenges and Considerations
While the prospects are promising, this collaboration is not without challenges. Myanmar’s current technological infrastructure is limited, and significant investment will be required to build the necessary facilities and train personnel. Additionally, the political context of Myanmar, including international sanctions and internal conflicts, could complicate the implementation of such ambitious projects. However, the focus on peaceful applications may help mitigate some of these concerns, as it aligns with global efforts to promote sustainable development.
Another consideration is the need for transparency and accountability. As Myanmar embarks on this journey, it must ensure that the benefits of space technology are equitably distributed across its population, particularly in rural and underserved areas. The government will need to work closely with international partners and civil society to achieve this goal.

The Road Ahead
The visit by Senior General Min Aung Hlaing to Russia is just the beginning of what promises to be a transformative partnership. The establishment of the State Space Corporation “Roscosmos” office in Myanmar, as mentioned in the document, is a concrete step toward operationalizing this collaboration. Plans include the assembly of satellites and the development of a launch site, potentially near the Tanintharyi Region, which offers strategic geographical advantages.
The peaceful advancement of space technology also opens the door to cultural exchanges. Joint missions could involve Myanmar astronauts training in Russia, fostering a sense of pride and unity among the populace. Additionally, the collaboration could inspire artistic and educational initiatives, such as planetariums or space museums, to engage the public.
The partnership between Myanmar and Russia in the peaceful advancement of space technology represents a bold vision for the future. Under the leadership of Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, Myanmar is poised to harness Russia’s expertise to address its developmental challenges while contributing to global scientific progress. From enhancing communication and disaster preparedness to boosting economic growth and education, the benefits are far-reaching. As this collaboration unfolds, it will be essential to maintain a focus on peace, equity, and sustainability, ensuring that the skies above Myanmar become a symbol of hope and progress for generations to come.
This alliance is not just about rockets and satellites; it is about building a bridge between nations, fostering innovation, and uplifting society. With a commitment to peaceful utilization and a strategic roadmap, Myanmar and Russia are setting the stage for a new era of technological collaboration that could redefine the region’s future.

Source: The Global New Light of Myanmar

OUR way of life has caused many serious environmental problems such as global warming and climate change. As a result, the world’s ecosystems are changing faster than ever before. Take a moment and look at our surroundings - the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the land we live on. Millions of people are now inhaling polluted air, drinking impure water, and consuming contaminated foods. This means that we are experiencing many environmentally hazardous conditions. These issues are a result of pollution, which is now seen as a major hazard to our environment.
A link between pollution and the greenhouse effect Pollution is directly linked to the greenhouse effect, which is actually responsible for life on Earth. The earth’s atmosphere contains some minor gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone,
fluorinated compounds, and water vapour. These gases are called ‘greenhouse gases’ because they operate like the glass of a greenhouse. In other words, these gases act as a blanket in trapping some of the sun’s heat and preventing it from escaping back into space. In this way, the planet’s temperature is kept at a safe level (around 15.5° C). The problem is that the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is increasing because of human activities. As a result, the greenhouse effect is becoming stronger, and this in turn is making our planet warmer than usual. Thus, pollution is mainly responsible for many environmental problems, such as global warming and climate change.
Environmental pollution can be classified into five major types: air, water, soil, noise, and light pollution.
Air pollution
Air pollution can be defined as ‘the introduction of harmful substances into the air’. It occurs due to human activities such as fuel burning, logging, farming, mining, manufacturing, and construction of roads and buildings. It can also be caused by natural events such as wildfires and volcanic eruptions. All these sources of air pollution result in a rise in the amount of greenhouse gases. This leads to an increase in global temperature, which brings about many environmental problems such as floods, acid rain, and ozone depletion.
With the rise in global temperature, the ice at the poles melts and sea levels rise, flooding many coastal regions and leading to loss of property and life. Acid rain is one of the consequences of air pollution. It occurs when smoke and fumes from traffic and factories mix with the water in the atmosphere. When this mixture falls back to the ground, it harms not only humans and wildlife but also buildings. The ozone layer is part of the earth’s atmosphere that protects the earth from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun. Ozone depletion occurs when some greenhouse gases like CFCs are released into the atmosphere, moreover, air pollutants can cause many severe health problems such as eye irritation, allergies, asthma, and lung cancer.
Water pollution Water pollution is ‘the addition of undesirable substances in water’. We use huge amounts of natural resources and produce too much waste, like mining waste, agricultural and industrial runoff, and human and animal waste. Water pollution occurs when these different types of waste are dumped into water bodies such as lakes, rivers, seas, and oceans. Polluted water includes toxic chemicals, bacteria, and sites, which can devastate the ecosystems of aquatic life. Water pollutants also cause some harmful diseases such as dysentery, diarrhoea, and cholera. According to the United Nations Programme, nearly 4000 children die every day from drinking impure water.
Soil pollution
Soil pollution means ‘the process of making the earth’s topsoil contaminated with hazardous substances, such as fertilizers, pesticides, and wastes.
The excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture leads to soil degradation. Moreover, many factories are disposing of their chemical wastes, which leak soil layers. Consequently, the fertility of the earth’s soil is being degraded gradually.
These chemicals contaminate the underground water, which will pose a serious risk to human health. Digital waste and rubbish from landfills are other causes of soil pollution. Deforestation is another significant factor that causes soil erosion. As a result of this, our planet loses millions of tons of topsoil each year. Trees keep the land fertile, but with fewer and fewer trees, the soil will be blown away by the wind or washed away by rain. And, unhealthy soil will intensify the existing threat of food and nutritional insecurity.
Noise pollution
Noise, commonly defined as ‘unwanted or excessive sound’ is another environmental pollutant. Noise pollution is born of urbanization, industrialization, and technological advances.
The primary sources of noise pollution include construction sites, industrial areas, forms of transport such as automobiles, trains, aeroplanes, and cultural activities like festivals. Noise causes physical and psychological harm, and reduces the quality of life for those who are exposed to it. In response to loud noise, heartbeat, and respiration accelerate, blood vessels constrict, the skin pales and muscles tense.
In the long run, noise can cause hypertension, hearing loss, and emotional problems such as depression, aggression, irritation, ration, and anxiety.
Light pollution
Light pollution is the overuse or under-use of artificial outdoor light, and it causes problems to all living things. To understand this better, we need to be familiar with three terms: diurnal, nocturnal, and crepuscular. Diurnal means active during daytime; nocturnal means active during nighttime; and crepuscular means active during the twilight hours of dawn and dusk.
For example, some people find that they can work better during the day than during the night. Such people are diurnal.
Animals such as lions, tigers, cows, deer, and birds such as crows, sparrows, kites, and eagles also are diurnal because they hunt for food during the day. On the other hand, there are some people who find that they work better during the night than during the day. Such people are nocturnal. So are leopards, cats, snakes, bats, and owls, because they are active during nighttime.
Moths, some species of honey bees, and a few species of bats and owls are active only during the hours of dawn or dusk. They are crepuscular.
The ill effects of light pollution are many. For instance, light that is too bright can damage our vision; so, does insufficient light.
A bright light has been found to cause sleep disorders such as sleep deprivation which in turn causes stress, headaches, and increasing anxiety. Bright artificial night light has been found upset the food-hunting pattern of many nocturnal and crepuscular creatures.
To minimize the effects of environmental pollution, what should we do? What are the possible solutions to some environmental problems that come about as a result of pollution? We must reduce our use of fossil fuels and promote the use of friendly sources of energy like the sun, wind, and water. Although it is impossible to shut down factories, there should be stricter laws to prevent them from polluting the environment. Forests must be protected because trees take in carbon dioxide. Fewer fertilizers and pesticides should be used in agriculture. We should also try to produce less waste and recycle lots of things that we throw away.
And we should be judicious in using light during the night as well as day. If we do not do something to combat pollution: a hazard to our environment, we will all be losers - with dire consequences to face.
Additional Considerations
Another important aspect of pollution is its economic impact. The rising cost of healthcare due to pollution-related illnesses places a heavy burden on governments and individuals. The damage caused to infrastructure by acid rain and flooding also leads to financial losses. Furthermore, pollution affects agriculture, reducing crop yields and leading to food insecurity.
Public awareness and education play a crucial role in combating pollution. Schools and communities should take part in environmental education programs to inform people about the dangers of pollution and the benefits of sustainable practices.
Citizens should be encouraged to adopt environmentally friendly habits such as reducing waste, conserving water, and using en-
ergy-efficient appliances.
The role of technology in reducing pollution is also significant. Innovations such as electric vehicles, renewable energy sources, and biodegradable materials can help minimize pollution levels. Governments and industries should invest in research and development to create greener alternatives to conventional processes that harm the environment.
Solutions to Environmental
Pollution
To address environmental pollution, individuals, communities, and governments must take collective action. Here are some key solutions:

• Reduce Fossil Fuel Consumption: Transitioning to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

• Stricter Environmental Laws: Governments should enforce regulations that limit industrial pollution and promote sustainable practices.

• Afforestation and Reforestation: Planting more trees can help absorb carbon dioxide and improve air quality.

• Waste Management: Recycling and proper disposal of waste can minimize soil and water pollution.

• Sustainable Agriculture: Reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides can prevent soil degradation.

• Public Awareness: Educating people about the dangers of pollution and encouraging environmentally friendly behaviors can lead to positive change.

If we fail to take immediate action against pollution, the consequences will be dire for future generations. Protecting the environment is not just an option – it is a necessity for the survival of our planet and all living beings.
I am now concluding my article. In fact, it is humans who build and develop the world of mankind. At the same time, it is also humans who destroy it.
This is truly astonishing. Tigers and elephants are not the ones destroying the world, but rather, it is us humans who are responsible for its destruction. This realization is truly saddening.

Source: The Global New Light of Myanmar

History is indelible, and 12 February 2025 marks the 78th Union Day of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. Throughout Myanmar’s history, it was only under the reigns of Anawrahta, Bayintnaung, and Alaungpaya that we managed to chronicle the unity of all national brethren in the archive called history. On 12 February 1947, the endeavours of our national leader, General Aung San, and the martyrs – to put an end to the apartheid imposed by the British government between Upper and Lower Myanmar – were acknowledged. The Panglong Agreement was reached between the leaders representing Upper Myanmar and the government of Myanmar, led by General Aung San. This agreement was a prerequisite demanded by the British government for Myanmar to attain independence.
However, the stark reality is that, amid rising political conflicts, democratic decline, and violence, union solidarity is crumbling – and, we, the people of Myanmar, are witnessing it unfold before our eyes. The shared patriotic spirit within us will certainly condemn any act that threatens to divide the union. On our journey to pave the way for Federal Democracy, we cannot lose sight of our ultimate goal – that is, to safeguard the perpetual peace and unity of Myanmar.
“Unity is strength.” As the motto goes, we cannot let differing political views divide us, or else every inch of our concerted effort in building this nation will be in vain. If we wish to harness the collective strength of our national brethren, restoring consensus, harmony, and solidarity among diverse ethnic groups is inevitable. This, undoubtedly, is not beyond our capabilities. By promoting understanding and fostering compassion, we will not only create a harmonious and inclusive society, but we will also strengthen the union spirit among us.
Furthermore, we must keep in mind that foreign interference – one of the root causes propelling Myanmar towards political unrest – is our shared adversary. Myanmar’s geographical location serves as a strategic point for warfare and economic advantage for some powerful nations seeking global dominance. Exploiting insurrections, political chaos, and Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) in Myanmar, these external forces trample upon and sacrifice the people of Myanmar for their own gain. Therefore, any form of foreign intervention or encroachment in Myanmar’s internal affairs is reprehensible. Together, we serve as sentinels, watching for any potential threats that may befall our motherland. It is our shared duty to keep the sovereignty of Myanmar in safe custody.
Myanmar, with its seven states and seven regions, has been passed down to us by our ancestors, and we are duty-bound to preserve the union territory they have entrusted us with. This is why we must join hands in harmony with one another and repel any kind of external interference. Let us remember that it is we and we alone – with compassion and understanding – who can steadfastly keep union solidarity intact and ensure peace and stability within the state.
To conclude, I proudly hail the 78th Union Day by chanting the motto:
“United in heart and soul, marching towards the Union’s goal.”

Source: The Global New Light of Myanmar

Every day, we hear the word "love"—spoken in conversations, sung in songs, seen in movies and celebrated in literature. All major religions and spiritual teachings remind us of the importance of love. From the biblical command to "Love others as you love your own heart" to the Buddhist principle of compassion, love is universally presented as the foundation of human harmony. Yet, despite these teachings, our world remains plagued by war, conflict, and division. Why is there such a profound disconnect between the ideals of love and the reality of human behavior?

One poignant reminder of this disconnect comes from the lyrics of the song "Where Is the Love?" by Black Eyed Peas, which challenges us to reflect on the state of the world we live in, asking questions like, “Can you practice what you preach?” In a world where hatred and violence often seem to dominate, love remains a powerful, yet underutilized, force.

The Universality of Love

Love is a force that transcends all barriers—cultural, religious, and geographical. It is a universal language, uniting humanity across the globe, and has been celebrated by countless spiritual leaders and philosophers throughout history. As Mahatma Gandhi once said, ‘The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others,’ highlighting that love is not about personal gain, but about selflessness and service to others. Similarly, Nelson Mandela taught that, ‘No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin, or his background, or his religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love.’ These timeless insights remind us that love is not simply an emotion—it is a transformative power, capable of bridging divides, healing wounds, and bringing lasting peace to our world.

Buddhism, for instance, teaches metta, or loving-kindness, as a core discipline. Practicing metta involves cultivating an unconditional, inclusive love for all beings, even those who may have wronged us. This practice challenges individuals to transcend ego and fear, fostering compassion that can heal divisions.

The Consequences of a Love-Deficient World

As of 2024, the world continues to grapple with an unprecedented number of violent conflicts. Over 110 armed conflicts are being monitored globally, marking the highest number of violent disputes in recent decades. These conflicts have left an indelible mark on women and children. Over 473 million children—more than one in six globally—now live in areas affected by conflict. Similarly, nearly 600 million women and girls are enduring the ravages of war, with the number increasing by 50% over the past decade. By the end of 2024, 47.2 million children had been displaced due to conflict and violence. In conflict zones, 70% of women experience sexual violence, a staggering figure that is double the global average.

The trauma faced by women and children underscores the dire need for action to protect the most vulnerable in these regions. Such grim realities reflect a world where love and compassion are overshadowed by greed, hatred, and power struggles. The lack of love manifests in systemic injustices, exploitation, and the perpetuation of cycles of violence. As the Dalai Lama aptly stated, “Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them, humanity cannot survive.

The Power of Love to Heal and Transform

Throughout history, love has been heralded as the ultimate force for healing and unity. The Vietnamese monk Thich Nhat Hanh once said, "Through love, we recognize the suffering of others as our own and nurture understanding." This perspective highlights love's transformative power, emphasizing that it fosters empathy and shared humanity, even in the darkest times.

The teachings of Maya Angelou echo this sentiment: "Love recognizes no barriers. It jumps hurdles, leaps fences, penetrates walls to arrive at its destination full of hope." His words underscore the vital role of love in our collective survival and well-being. In the face of war and division, love serves as a counterweight, enabling individuals and communities to heal and rebuild.

Even in modern conflict zones, love finds a way to manifest. Stories of individuals risking their lives to protect others, communities supporting displaced families, and survivors forgiving their oppressors serve as testaments to the enduring power of love. For instance, Huda Sha'arawi, an Egyptian feminist, defied societal norms and dedicated her life to advocating for women's rights and empowerment, showing how love for justice can transcend cultural boundaries. Similarly, Carlos Arredondo, during the Boston Marathon bombing, risked his own safety to save the lives of strangers, embodying how love and empathy can drive selfless action in the face of tragedy. These acts remind us that love is not passive; it is an active force capable of overcoming hatred.

Why Love is the Answer

In a world rife with division, love emerges as the antidote to conflict and suffering. Love is not just a feeling; it is an active choice and a transformative force. By choosing love, we create ripples of empathy and understanding that counteract hatred and violence.

Acts of love, no matter how small, have the power to bridge divides and heal wounds. Stories of solidarity—such as neighbors helping each other in times of crisis or communities uniting after tragedies—remind us of love’s capacity to restore hope. Desmond Tutu’s words ring true: "Do your little bit of good where you are; it’s those little bits of good put together that overwhelm the world."

Moreover, love is at the heart of peacebuilding efforts. Diplomats, activists, and leaders who prioritize empathy and forgiveness can foster dialogue and reconciliation. Love compels us to see the humanity in others, even those we might perceive as adversaries.

Let’s Rediscover Love

If we want to create a world where love triumphs over conflict, we must begin with ourselves. Love must extend beyond words and manifest in our actions. It requires us to challenge our prejudices, listen to those who are different from us, and work toward common ground.

The teachings of love from religions and philosophies are not outdated ideals; they are more relevant than ever in today’s divided world. They remind us that while conflict and hatred may dominate the headlines, love remains humanity’s greatest strength and hope.

So, where is the love? It’s in the choices we make every day—to be kind, to forgive, to understand, and to stand together. By embracing love as a way of life, we can begin to heal a fractured world and pave the way for a more peaceful future.

Reference List:

• Black Eyed Peas. (2003). Where Is the Love? [Song]. In Elephunk. Interscope Records.
• Gandhi, M. (n.d.). The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others. Retrieved from Gandhi Foundation
• Mandela, N. (1994). Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela. Little, Brown and Company.
• Dalai Lama. (n.d.). Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them, humanity cannot survive. Retrieved from Dalai Lama's official website
• Hanh, T. N. (1996). The Heart of the Buddha's Teaching: Transforming Suffering into Peace, Joy, and Liberation. Parallax Press.
• Angelou, M. (2008). Letter to My Daughter. Random House.
• Sendler, I. (n.d.). Irena Sendler: The Woman Who Saved 2,500 Jewish Children. Retrieved from Irena Sendler Project
• Arredondo, C. (2013). Carlos Arredondo and the Boston Marathon Bombing. Retrieved from PBS News
• Sha'arawi, H. (1920s). Feminism and Women’s Rights in Egypt: Memoirs of Huda Sha'arawi. The Feminist Press.
• Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. (2024). Armed Conflict and Peace Efforts. Retrieved from https://www.sipri.org/
• International Committee of the Red Cross. (2024). The Impact of Armed Conflicts on Women and Children. Retrieved from https://www.icrc.org/
• United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2024). Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2024. United Nations. Retrieved from https://www.unhcr.org/