Emotional suffering is not merely a fleeting mood or psychological abstraction – it is deeply rooted in our neurobiology. The human brain carries the imprint of past pain within its very circuits, shaping how we perceive the world, regulate emotions, and relate to others. Eckhart Tolle’s concept of the “pain-body” – a reservoir of accumulated emotional pain – finds striking parallels in neuroscience. In particular, the brain’s limbic system, including the amygdala and hippocampus, encodes emotionally charged experiences. These memories are tagged as significant and can be reactivated by seemingly minor cues, often without conscious awareness. Far from fading over time, these emotional imprints are reinforced through repetition, forming feedback loops that keep old wounds alive in the present. The pain-body, then, can be understood as a neuro-affective pattern, a system of heightened reactivity that feeds on attention, identification, and the constant replaying of personal narratives. When it is activated, we often feel hijacked: our bodies tense, our minds narrow, and we may behave in ways that feel impulsive or out of character. This happens because the prefrontal cortex, the part of the brain responsible for thoughtful decision-making, becomes inhibited, allowing the emotional brain to take control. The key to dissolving the pain-body lies in disrupting these loops. Neuroscience points to the role of the anterior cingulate cortex, which governs attention. By cultivating present-moment awareness, we engage in what’s known as “top-down modulation” – the intentional use of higher brain functions to regulate emotional responses. This is not passive mindfulness, but active engagement: paying close attention to the raw sensation of emotion, rather than being swept away by the story we tell about it. The pain-body is nourished by rumination, projection, and emotional fusion. Feeding it strengthens the brain’s synaptic pathways, making emotional reactivity a default state. Over time, suffering becomes a form of identity. To reverse this, we must learn to be still, not as a form of escape, but as a recalibration of the nervous system. Stillness allows us to step out of the cycle, to feel without becoming fused with what is felt. True transformation doesn’t come from suppression or struggle. It comes from witnessing. In this act of gentle observation, we cease to feed the pain-body. Without attention, it begins to lose its grip. Compassion and presence become the dominant neural patterns. What emerges is not a life without pain, but a self no longer defined by it. Let the pain-body starve. Let it shrink without your attention. As its voice fades, may you find a quieter mind, a clearer heart, and a presence grounded not in past suffering, but in the freedom to choose anew.
Why Old Hurts Still Echo – and How to Quiet Them Painful memories aren’t just “in your head”. They live in your brain’s wiring, waiting for the right moment to flare up. This idea, popularized by writer Eckhart Tolle as the “pain-body,” lines up neatly with what neuroscientists see under the microscope.
How pain gets stored • The limbic system – especially two almond-sized hubs called the amygdala and hippocampus – tags emotional events as important. • Each time a similar sight, smell, or phrase pops up, those brain cells fire again. • The more often they fire, the stronger the connection grows – like a well-trodden path through grass. Over months or years, these “emotional shortcuts” can hijack the present. A casual remark triggers an outsized reaction; yesterday’s hurt suddenly feels brand-new.
The pain-body in action When an old wound re-awakens: 1. Body first: Heart races, muscles tense, breath shortens. 2. Mind next: Thoughts narrow, old stories replay (“They always ignore me”). 3. Impulse takes over: We snap, withdraw, or over-explain before we realize what’s happening. That’s because the brain’s alarm centre (amygdala) has drowned out the wise planner in the front (prefrontal cortex). We’re temporarily running on emotion, not reason.
Breaking the loop Scientists call the way back “top-down modulation.” In plain English: use the thoughtful part of the brain to calm the reactive part. • Notice the signal. The moment you feel the surge – name it (“Tight chest… old anger”). • Shift to sensation. Focus on raw data: the warmth in your face, the thump of your heart. This keeps attention in the present, where the pain-body can’t feed on past stories. • Breathe and wait. Even 90 seconds of steady breathing lets the chemical storm subside. • Choose a response. Once calm, the prefrontal cortex switches back on, offering options besides fight, flight, or freeze. Every time you do this, you weaken the old pathway. Skip the rumination; let the feeling rise and fall without rehearsing the narrative. Starve the pain-body, and it gradually shrinks.
What freedom looks like The goal isn’t to erase pain – life will still pinch. Instead, it’s to feel without becoming fused with the feeling. Over time: • Reactions grow milder and shorter. • Compassion – for yourself and others – shows up first, not last. • Choices expand: a pause, a question, a gentle “Let’s talk later.” Old echoes fade when they’re no longer amplified by our attention. In the new quiet, we can steer by what matters now, not by what once went wrong. When the past calls, let it go to voicemail. The present moment has better things to say.
Understanding the divide between progress and regression can unlock the path to personal development and collective success.At every stage of life, we face a crucial choice: to move forward or fall back, to progress or regress. While the two paths may seem clearly opposed, the difference between them often lies in subtle decisions, shaped by mindset, habits, and environment. Recognizing and aligning this difference isn’t just a mental exercise; it’s a powerful tool that can steer our lives towards self-betterment and broader success. In this essay, drawn from both personal experiences and everyday observations, I explore how an honest awareness of our direction — whether advancing or retreating — can empower us to cultivate resilience, embrace growth, and contribute meaningfully to the world around us.According to the Oxford English Dictionary, progress is defined as “forward or onward movement towards a destination” or “development towards an improved or more advanced condition”. In contrast, regress or regression refers to “a return to a former or less developed state”. While “progress” implies movement towards growth, improvement, and success, “regress” signals a fallback — often unintentional — to previous states that may be less effective, less informed, or even harmful. In Burmese, “progress” may be best translated as တိုးတက်မှု (toe-tet-hmu), capturing the spirit of advancement or upliftment, while “regress” aligns closely with နောက်ကျခြင်း (naut-kya-jin) or နောက်ပြန်ဆုတ်ခြင်း (naut-pyan-sote-jin), reflecting decline or retreat. Understanding these terms in both English and our native tongue helps us grasp not just their dictionary meanings but also their deeper implications in our personal development journey.A Personal Journey of Progress: From Folktales to DictionariesMy own journey of personal development began in earnest during the summer of 1979, after I passed the matriculation examination. With six or seven months of free time before the next phase of education, I was determined not to let the precious interval slip by idly. Encouraged by my mother, I picked up a Burmese folktales booklet by Dr Htin Aung — a title she and my father had studied in their school days. That small volume sparked in me a greater hunger for learning, especially in the realm of language.Recognizing this drive, my father gave me one of his most treasured possessions: U Tun Nyein’s English-Burmese Dictionary. It became my starting point — not just for vocabulary-building, but for shaping a deeper understanding of the English language. At 16, however, I faced steep challenges. Many of the words and expressions I encountered were far beyond the grasp of my school-level curriculum. I lacked the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary at that time, a resource I would come to value and use extensively later during my university years, when I majored in English Language and Literature at Rangoon University.Yet, despite the difficulties, I pressed on. I wrestled with unfamiliar words, copied definitions, built mental flashcards, and slowly but surely, built up a basic yet solid foundation in English. That summer became a quiet turning point. By the time I enrolled in Regional College 1 in Botahtaung in 1980, I could already feel the fruit of my efforts. It was not just a memory of a youthful pastime — it was a clear marker of progress, earned through dedication and discipline. No steps were taken backwards, no signs of regression. Instead, what emerged was a growing sense of capability and confidence — the very essence of what personal development means.From Foundation to Fulfilment: The Long Arc of GrowthThe progress I made during that formative summer did not end with the mastery of new vocabulary or the satisfaction of overcoming academic hurdles. It laid the groundwork for much more — a mindset of persistence, a respect for learning, and a readiness to face unfamiliar challenges. These traits proved invaluable as I continued my studies at university, and later, as I took on diverse roles in life, including working as a seafarer and serving as an editor. Whether navigating the vastness of the sea or the precision of the written word, I came to understand that personal development is not a one-time achievement but a continual process. Each step forward, no matter how small, adds to a larger arc of growth, and even in times of uncertainty, it is the commitment to progress that keeps us from slipping into regression. Looking back, I see how one decision — to use a summer break as a stepping stone — shaped the course of my life in ways I never could have predicted then.Lifelong Learning at Sea and in the NewsroomMy commitment to progress continued well beyond the classroom. As a seafarer, I seized every opportunity to improve my English on board the vessel. Surrounded by the language of international communication, I immersed myself in the terminology of the sea — learning words and phrases related to navigation, cargo handling, deck and engine operations, and maritime correspondence. Though I served in the humble capacity of an Ordinary Seaman (OS), my growing language skills allowed me to make meaningful contributions. I often provided what I like to call “assists” — borrowing the term from sports — by helping my Burmese officers with English-language correspondence to the shipping company. These contributions were not only appreciated but also reaffirmed my belief that any progress, no matter the role or rank, can lead to real value.Later, as I took on the role of an editor, I brought the same hunger for growth to my professional life. Editing foreign news stories from agencies like AP, Reuters, TASS, and Yonhap, I never allowed myself to plateau. I refused to stay confined within a “comfort zone”. Instead, I observed, learned, and absorbed everything I could from my senior editors — from word choices to editorial ethics and precision in news language. I saw every article not just as a task to complete, but as an opportunity to improve my craft. I remained consistent, yes — but not stagnant. I advanced in my ability, judgement, and responsibility.These experiences taught me that progress is not about grand leaps. It is about small, steady steps forward — steps that accumulate and shape not only the individual but also the community they serve. That’s why I hope younger generations will not settle for consistency alone, and certainly not for regression. True personal development demands courage to move beyond comfort zones, to keep learning, adapting, and evolving for the benefit of oneself and the society in which one lives.Conclusion: Choosing Progress, Not PassivityProgress or regress — the path we choose defines the life we live. My journey, from a teenage learner wrestling with a dictionary to a seafarer navigating international communication, and later, an editor shaping the national news narrative, is a testament to what consistent effort and a refusal to settle can yield. The difference between moving forward and falling back is not marked by circumstances alone but by our will to grow, even in the face of challenge. I believe each of us holds the power to choose progress, not just for personal gain, but for the betterment of the society we are part of. To the younger generation, my message is simple yet sincere: never stop learning, never cling to comfort, and never let regression become a habit. In forging your own path, let the spirit of progress guide you steadily, purposefully, and relentlessly.“Small deeds done are better than great deeds planned.”— Peter MarshallThis quote reminds us that progress often begins not with ambition alone, but with action, consistent, quiet, and determined.သင့်မြတ်လျော်ကန်တဲ့ တိုးတက်မှုဆိုတာ ကိုယ်ကိုတိုင်ကိုသာမက လူမှုအသိုင်းအဝိုင်း တခုလုံးကိုလည်း မြှင့်တင်ပေးနိုင်ပါတယ်။(True, appropriate progress uplifts not only the individual but also the entire community around them.)Photo - Medium
Emotional suffering is not merely a fleeting mood or psychological abstraction – it is deeply rooted in our neurobiology. The human brain carries the imprint of past pain within its very circuits, shaping how we perceive the world, regulate emotions, and relate to others.Eckhart Tolle’s concept of the “pain-body” – a reservoir of accumulated emotional pain – finds striking parallels in neuroscience. In particular, the brain’s limbic system, including the amygdala and hippocampus, encodes emotionally charged experiences. These memories are tagged as significant and can be reactivated by seemingly minor cues, often without conscious awareness. Far from fading over time, these emotional imprints are reinforced through repetition, forming feedback loops that keep old wounds alive in the present.The pain-body, then, can be understood as a neuro-affective pattern, a system of heightened reactivity that feeds on attention, identification, and the constant replaying of personal narratives. When it is activated, we often feel hijacked: our bodies tense, our minds narrow, and we may behave in ways that feel impulsive or out of character. This happens because the prefrontal cortex, the part of the brain responsible for thoughtful decision-making, becomes inhibited, allowing the emotional brain to take control.The key to dissolving the pain-body lies in disrupting these loops. Neuroscience points to the role of the anterior cingulate cortex, which governs attention. By cultivating present-moment awareness, we engage in what’s known as “top-down modulation” – the intentional use of higher brain functions to regulate emotional responses. This is not passive mindfulness, but active engagement: paying close attention to the raw sensation of emotion, rather than being swept away by the story we tell about it.The pain-body is nourished by rumination, projection, and emotional fusion. Feeding it strengthens the brain’s synaptic pathways, making emotional reactivity a default state. Over time, suffering becomes a form of identity. To reverse this, we must learn to be still, not as a form of escape, but as a recalibration of the nervous system. Stillness allows us to step out of the cycle, to feel without becoming fused with what is felt.True transformation doesn’t come from suppression or struggle. It comes from witnessing. In this act of gentle observation, we cease to feed the pain-body. Without attention, it begins to lose its grip. Compassion and presence become the dominant neural patterns. What emerges is not a life without pain, but a self no longer defined by it.Let the pain-body starve. Let it shrink without your attention. As its voice fades, may you find a quieter mind, a clearer heart, and a presence grounded not in past suffering, but in the freedom to choose anew.Why Old Hurts Still Echo – and How to Quiet ThemPainful memories aren’t just “in your head”. They live in your brain’s wiring, waiting for the right moment to flare up. This idea, popularized by writer Eckhart Tolle as the “pain-body,” lines up neatly with what neuroscientists see under the microscope.How pain gets stored• The limbic system – especially two almond-sized hubs called the amygdala and hippocampus – tags emotional events as important.• Each time a similar sight, smell, or phrase pops up, those brain cells fire again.• The more often they fire, the stronger the connection grows – like a well-trodden path through grass.Over months or years, these “emotional shortcuts” can hijack the present. A casual remark triggers an outsized reaction; yesterday’s hurt suddenly feels brand-new.The pain-body in actionWhen an old wound re-awakens:1. Body first: Heart races, muscles tense, breath shortens.2. Mind next: Thoughts narrow, old stories replay (“They always ignore me”).3. Impulse takes over: We snap, withdraw, or over-explain before we realize what’s happening.That’s because the brain’s alarm centre (amygdala) has drowned out the wise planner in the front (prefrontal cortex). We’re temporarily running on emotion, not reason.Breaking the loopScientists call the way back “top-down modulation.” In plain English: use the thoughtful part of the brain to calm the reactive part.• Notice the signal. The moment you feel the surge – name it (“Tight chest… old anger”).• Shift to sensation. Focus on raw data: the warmth in your face, the thump of your heart. This keeps attention in the present, where the pain-body can’t feed on past stories.• Breathe and wait. Even 90 seconds of steady breathing lets the chemical storm subside.• Choose a response. Once calm, the prefrontal cortex switches back on, offering options besides fight, flight, or freeze.Every time you do this, you weaken the old pathway. Skip the rumination; let the feeling rise and fall without rehearsing the narrative. Starve the pain-body, and it gradually shrinks.What freedom looks likeThe goal isn’t to erase pain – lifewill still pinch. Instead, it’s to feel without becoming fused with the feeling. Over time:• Reactions grow milder and shorter.• Compassion – for yourself and others – shows up first, not last.• Choices expand: a pause, a question, a gentle “Let’s talk later.”Old echoes fade when they’re no longer amplified by our attention. In the new quiet, we can steer by what matters now, not by what once went wrong.When the past calls, let it go to voicemail. The present moment has better things to say.GNLMPhoto - Neuroscience News
According to one of the objectives of the Social Affairs of State Administration Council (SAC), “To elevate the Health and Sports sectors inclusive of all the people, improving the longevity and health of the nation”, the Ministry of Health (MOH), Myanmar, laid down the two objectives, to enable every citizen to attain total life expectancy and enjoy longevity of life, and to ensure that every citizen is free from diseases. To do that, the newly appointed medical doctors and dentists are the main implementing human resources.The Chairman of the State Administration Council, Prime Minister Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, attended the ceremony of appointment of new medical doctors and dentists as Government Gazetted Officers on 18 July 2025 at Myanmar Convention Centre, Yangon. At the ceremony, the SAC Chairman delivered a speech that SAC is prioritizing the objective that “nothing is more important than human life” and is striving to provide accessible and high-quality healthcare services to everyone.He stressed that public hospitals have been organized to provide full-time emergency patient care, and efforts are being made to minimize out-of-pocket expenses for patients by reducing the costs through effective planning and resource allocation. He noted that in order to improve the overall health standards of the public and to increase life expectancy, it is essential to strengthen the delivery of primary healthcare services. To achieve this, it is important to adequately produce sufficient human resources in the health sector and assign them responsibilities accordingly.The Chairman of the SAC continued that the State is continuously supporting the improvement of healthcare standards for ethnic nationalities, with the understanding that only with good health can people work and pursue education. He expressed his pleasure for fresher medical doctors and dentists to serve their duties to provide healthcare services to the people, as health personnel are responsible for resolving health problems of the people as much as possible. In implementing public healthcare services, the Senior General unveiled that the State is implementing effective policies and plans based on the country’s resources in order to take preventive measures to stop the outbreak of diseases, as well as provide high-quality medical treatment in case illnesses occur. The Chairman of the SAC disclosed that the government is placing great emphasis on ensuring that the public can receive medical treatment in a peaceful and comfortable environment. To that end, it is upgrading and renovating public hospitals, constructing new ones, enhancing disease detection and advanced medical care, and consistently supplying medicines and modern medical equipment.He urged them that emphasis should be placed on actions such as improving nutrition and living conditions, administering preventive vaccinations, analyzing and addressing mortality rates, and implementing relevant measures effectively in the respective regions where responsibilities are assigned. The Chairman of the SAC presented certificates of State gazetted officer appointment to representatives from four medical universities, while the Joint Secretary gave certificates of State gazetted officer appointment to representatives from two medical universities and the University of Dental Medicine.In the second session of the ceremony, Union Minister for Health Dr Thet Khaing Win said that the medics should follow the professional ethic, medical ethic, and civil rules and ethics. The Union Minister stated the need to be mature and stable, to view everything with a wide perspective, and to have a sense of responsibility and accountability for being government employees, and to apply their skills for the people and show loyalty to the country and people. Myanmar Medical Council President Dr Myo Khin and Myanmar Dental Council President Dr Paing Soe briefed the ethics to be followed by the medical doctors and dentists. The officials presented order letters to be assigned as assignment of Government Gazetted Officers to the 1,259 new medical doctors from different Universities of Medicine and 21 new dentists at the event.In addition, congratulations to the newly appointed medical doctors and dentists, and your role is pivotal in not only diagnosing and treating but also in providing comfort, guidance, and hope to those in need. Remember, every challenge you face is an opportunity to grow, and every success is a step forward in your journey to make a difference and embrace your responsibilities with confidence and compassion. That’s a significant achievement and testament to years of hard work and dedication. We hope that all of you can bring success and fulfilment to this noble profession.ReferenceThe Global New Light of Myanmar Newspaper dated 19 July 2025
At the very heart of the world, Myanmar stands anchored in its millennia-old civilizational roots, bearing witness to a rich and resilient cultural identity. Looking forward, it is the solemn historical duty of every citizen to safeguard, uplift, and advance Myanmar’s cultural legacy, ensuring that more of its heritage sites are recognized globally and that the nation’s distinct Identity continues to shine on the world stage.The religious and cultural traditions of Myanmar are not mere relics of the past; they are the lifeblood of the nation, intertwining social unity, moral elevation, artistic refinement, and historical depth. By preserving these enduring values, Myanmar reveals to the world a timeless story: that of a nation that, with its own crown, its own throne, and its own sceptre, has for centuries stood with dignity at the crossroads of history and heritage.Social Value The traditional Myanmar Htamin-Wain—the family meal circle – is far more than the mere act of sharing food. It is a cultural inheritance that embodies familial unity, ancestral customs, and deeply held social values. Within this circle, members of the household – elders and youth, parents and children – gather around a shared table, sitting together without distinction of rank or age. Meals are served and enjoyed in common, with every dish shared in a spirit of equality and togetherness.This sacred tradition is more than a daily ritual; it is a symbol of cohesion. It nurtures love within the family, fosters open dialogue, and strengthens bonds that transcend generations. Welcoming guests into the Htamin-Wain is a gesture of hospitality rooted in heritage, expressing the timeless Myanmar code of graceful generosity.At its heart, the Htamin-Wain reflects the broader values of Myanmar society: rural unity built upon the foundation of family, reverence for tradition and religion, and a deep-seated ethic of compassion, honesty, and harmonious living. It signifies an egalitarian spirit—where dignity is shared, and respect is given freely to all.Moreover, Myanmar’s deeply ingrained culture of charity and generosity stands proudly among the highest in the world. Despite being a developing country and one marked by internal conflict, Myanmar consistently ranks at the very top in global indices of giving and selfless contribution. This is no coincidence – it is a reflection of the moral fibre of the Myanmar people.Though Myanmar may often be labelled a developing nation, or one mired in conflict, the enduring tradition of heartfelt generosity — our timeless culture of giving without hesitation — stands as an unyielding gem, gleaming with the moral clarity of true compassion. These values shall remain, like an unsullied emerald in the mud, a testament to a people rich in faith and humanity, radiant upon the world stage.The Value of Union SpiritThe Union Spirit stands as the lifeblood and very soul of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. It embodies the noble sacrifices of the past, the resilience in the face of present-day challenges, and the graceful hopes we hold for a peaceful and prosperous future. The Union is not a mere concept; it is the indispensable foundation upon which the unity, harmony, dignity, and enduring stability of a nation composed of diverse ethnicities, faiths, and cultures rests.Given Myanmar’s diverse geography, ranging from hills to plains, from forests to rivers—and its multitude of indigenous brothers and sisters of varied ethnicities, traditions, and cultural identities, the Union binds them all as one: siblings born of the same land, nourished by the same waters. Though varied in origin and appearance, they are bound by shared destiny and common heritage.The Union Spirit exemplifies the power of unity. It calls for the construction of long-term, sustainable progress through collective will, collaborative effort, and a spirit of familial solidarity. In building such a future, every challenge faced by the State must be met and overcome with a renewed commitment to this spirit of unity.From the days of regaining national independence and sovereignty, to today’s endeavour of building lasting peace across the country and recovering from the devastating blows of natural disasters, the journey must continue under the strength of Union Spirit. It is this spirit that must carry us forward.Preserving and manifesting this cherished value is not the duty of the government alone. It is a solemn obligation shared by every citizen, every community, and every ethnic group across the nation. It is only through this collective responsibility that the Union shall remain steadfast, and the future of Myanmar be made secure.Myanmar Values in the Testing GroundIn the aftermath of the 2020 general elections, a grave distortion of democratic principles unfolded. The then-governing administration, along with the Election Commission, engaged in actions that starkly contravened the spirit of a free and fair electoral process. These included the artificial inflation of voter lists through questionable methods, the conduct of voting procedures in certain constituencies in violation of legal frameworks, and a lack of transparency in the collection and declaration of election results.Such manoeuvres, carried out under the guise of administrative authority, constituted an unlawful attempt to seize the reins of state power by illegitimate means. It was in this critical moment – when the sovereignty of the nation and the very foundations of its democratic order stood at risk – that Tatmadaw (Myanmar Armed Forces), under Article 417 of the Constitution, assumed responsibility for the governance of the country.In doing so, the State Administration Council (SAC) was formed to safeguard the Union, preserve national sovereignty, and uphold the democratic system that had come under assault. This pivotal juncture became a solemn test of Myanmar’s Union Spirit – a test of its resilience, of its resolve to protect the sanctity of its national values, and of its unwavering commitment to unity, legality, and justice.At the very same moment, we witness a troubling phenomenon: the deliberate amplification of discord – through divisive ideologies, ethnic tensions, and conflicting political systems – all tactically deployed to inflame conflict rather than to resolve it. These orchestrated efforts exacerbate existing fractures, further deepening the instability within the nation.Amidst political turbulence, mounting economic challenges, and the shifting balance of power on the global stage, Myanmar continues to struggle for a dignified and resolute standing in the international community. The State Administration Council, as the governing body, has been striving through various means to stabilize the nation’s political landscape, which has been shaken by persistent conflict. With unwavering determination, it continues to advance forward, adhering to its strategic roadmap despite the daunting obstacles.Yet, due to a range of internal and external provocations—instigations, encouragements, and systematic reinforcements of unrest – the resulting impact has been felt profoundly across the nation. The consequences are far-reaching: from the livelihoods of the people to their access to healthcare and education, the nation’s essential development sectors have suffered both directly and indirectly.In truth, amid the chaos and disarray, the intrinsic values of Myanmar – those that once served as guiding standards – have begun to fade, growing faint beneath the weight of persistent adversity.Alongside the prevailing political instability, Myanmar has also been tested by severe natural disasters – events that have challenged not only the nation’s resilience but also its capacity for recovery and reconstruction. In the present era, all nations around the globe are grappling with the intensifying consequences of climate change, manifesting in increasingly extreme and unpredictable weather patterns. Myanmar is no exception.In May 2023, Cyclone Mocha struck the country with devastating force, followed by the aftermath of Typhoon Yagi in September 2024, whose residual storm clouds brought widespread flooding across vulnerable regions. Each of these events demanded strength, coordination, and endurance from the nation and its people.Yet nature’s sternest trial came on the afternoon of March 28, 2025, when a powerful earthquake measuring 7.7 on the Richter scale struck Mandalay and surrounding areas. The devastation was indiscriminate. It spared neither rich nor poor, made no distinction of ethnicity, religion, age, or political affiliation. It touched the lives of all humans and animals alike throughout the length and breadth of the country.In the affected regions, the impact was profound: communities were uprooted, livelihoods disrupted, and critical infrastructure, including roads, bridges, and basic facilities, shattered. Perhaps most heartrending of all was the destruction of sacred and revered heritage – pagodas, monasteries, temples, lakes, and ancient stupas – collapsed and buried beneath the earth they once sanctified. For many, the sorrow was unbearable, the loss beyond consolation.This, too, stands as a solemn test – a trial set forth by the forces of nature – upon the cherished values of Myanmar. It is a reminder that in moments of great upheaval, the strength of a nation is not only measured by its endurance, but by the unyielding spirit of its people and the sacredness of what they hold dear.From the very moment the earth ceased its violent tremor, the nation’s highest leadership – headed by the Head of State and senior government officials – swiftly mobilized into action. They conducted immediate on-site inspections of the most severely affected areas and ensured that urgent humanitarian assistance was dispatched without delay. In close coordination with both domestic and international rescue organizations, they worked tirelessly to reach those trapped beneath the rubble and to carry out life-saving interventions with all possible haste.Temporary shelters were promptly established for the displaced, providing a measure of safety and dignity amidst chaos. Meanwhile, the process of national recovery was set into motion with a structured, multi-phased approach aimed at restoring not only infrastructure but hope.In the first phase, emergency repairs were undertaken on damaged roads, collapsed bridges, and vital infrastructure, enabling access and connectivity to the afflicted regions. The second phase focused on restoring essential services – communication lines, electrical grids, and water supply systems – thereby reestablishing the basic functionality of daily life.Finally, in the third phase, structurally unsound buildings were carefully demolished, clearing the way for comprehensive reconstruction efforts. These were not mere restorations, but deliberate steps toward building resilient, long-lasting structures that could stand the test of time and nature.This systematic response reflects not only the government’s resolve but also the enduring spirit of a people who, even in the aftermath of destruction, choose to rebuild – stronger, safer, and united.Assistance was received from ASEAN and various international organizations, facilitating the acquisition of technology, expertise, and financial support. Myanmar’s unity and resilience were prominently highlighted in international media, underscoring the steadfast spirit of its people. To ensure sustainable long-term development, revised standards and benchmarks were established for the construction of earthquake-resistant infrastructure. Furthermore, training programs were conducted to enhance human resource capacity in natural disaster risk prevention and management. Efforts to restore religious and cultural heritage also served to uplift public morale, providing psychological strength to communities affected by the earthquake.“Though the powerful earthquake, measuring 7.7 on the Richter scale, shattered roads, bridges, and sturdy edifices built of brick, stone, and steel into ruins, it found no foothold against the unbreakable spirit of the Myanmar people — undaunted, unwavering, and unyielding amid the rubble.”The State Administration Council is actively collaborating with the international community to expedite the restoration of damages caused by the earthquake and to build a more resilient and prosperous socio-economic system for the future.Simultaneously, the State Government continues to advance peacebuilding efforts to resolve ongoing political challenges. Since February 1, 2021, there have been numerous unilateral ceasefire declarations by the Tatmadaw, reflecting a commitment to enduring peace. Following the devastating earthquake in Mandalay on 28 March, the military once again upheld ceasefire measures as a special priority, enabling focused efforts on reconstruction and the welfare of the people.In furtherance of this commitment, the government convened the Peace Talk-2025 in March and the Peace Forum-2025 in June. These gatherings brought together a broad spectrum of stakeholders: members of the National Unity and Peace Coordination Committee; retired military officers; representatives of the Joint Monitoring Committee (JMC) overseeing ceasefire compliance; delegates from political parties; signatories of the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) from various ethnic armed organizations; dedicated peace practitioners; international guests; diplomats from foreign embassies; scholars and experts; media personnel; officials from union ministries and organizations; university professors; association delegates; and researchers. The broad participation and vigorous dialogue clearly demonstrate the government and people’s strong, shared aspiration for peace.Accordingly, the Chairman of the State Administration Council and Prime Minister, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, emphasized during these peace dialogues that, “Peace policies are the essence of the NCA and embody the accumulated wisdom gained through successive peacebuilding efforts. These are immutable truths that must be respected and upheld to consolidate the current peace process. Our ultimate national aspiration is to establish a ‘Union State’ founded on democracy and federalism.”In light of this, despite the natural disasters confronting Myanmar and the internal and external sabotage threatening the unity of the Union, the government, military, and people are united – like a phoenix rising from the ashes – in their tireless efforts to strengthen the invaluable spirit of union. Together, we endeavour to transform the nation toward a brighter, more harmonious future.Myanmar’s FutureThe State Administration Council, grounded in the principle of a “Self-Reliance Policy,” is steadfastly working in close partnership with the people to build a prosperous and united Union of Myanmar. Looking ahead to December 2025, Myanmar is scheduled to hold a free and fair multiparty general election, representing a critical milestone in the ongoing pursuit of a federal democratic union.The multiparty democratic system anticipated to emerge from this election is expected to facilitate the effective implementation of power-sharing and resource-sharing mechanisms through legislative institutions, thereby reinforcing the broader national peace process. Beyond its procedural significance, the election embodies the collective aspirations of the populace, representing a pivotal step toward inclusive governance and lasting stability.The election holds the promise of revitalizing and advancing Myanmar’s distinct national identity, character, and core values, while laying the foundation for a future marked by inclusive growth and opportunity. Through this democratic process, Myanmar seeks to reaffirm its sovereign presence and articulate its national aspirations with clarity and dignity on the international stage.The election will serve as a vibrant renaissance for Myanmar’s cherished values, restoring their brilliance to paint a hopeful future. The enhancement of these values is inseparable from the progress of Myanmar’s democratic development.Given the current circumstances, this election cannot be regarded simply as routine. Rather, it represents the threshold to a future Union grounded firmly in democracy and federalism. Passing through this gateway, Myanmar will cultivate constructive political habits, resolving conflicts through dialogue and consensus-building around the political table, and will thus lay the foundations for unity and the elevation of national values.The forthcoming election represents a critical juncture in Myanmar’s political trajectory, serving as a pivotal bridge toward the establishment of a democratic and federal Union. It may be aptly characterized as a ‘Gateway to Democracy,’ wherein collective aspirations coalesce to pave the way for a renewed and inclusive national future.Myanmar’s Way — Myanmar’s FutureMyanmar’s path toward a stable and prosperous future is complex and fraught with challenges, requiring sustained commitment to navigate political, social, and economic obstacles while capitalising on emerging opportunities. At the heart of this endeavour lies the successful conduct of a free and fair multiparty democratic general election, which remains fundamental to the country’s democratic transition and long-term development.As Myanmar progresses along its chosen trajectory toward the implementation of future national strategies, it is imperative to preserve and uphold the country’s historical legacy, foundational political values, economic potential, geographic centrality, religious and cultural heritage, and core social principles. Equally essential is the cultivation of a shared sense of civic responsibility, cooperation, social cohesion, and collective resilience among all citizens – elements that are indispensable to building a strong, unified, and enduring Union.At this critical juncture, as Myanmar seeks to emerge from the turbulence of recent years, it is essential to embrace the rich diversity of its peoples and cultures as a foundation for national renewal. Advancing toward a stable, peaceful, and prosperous future will require a sustained commitment to inclusive development, harmonious coexistence, and the equitable pursuit of shared progress.“To safeguard and breathe life into Myanmar’s timeless values and to honour the weight of its pivotal place on the world’s map, we must ignite a fierce patriotic flame and awaken the power of an Active Citizen. It is this very spirit that will rekindle the fading light of our cherished heritage, lifting ‘Myanmar values’ high once again – as we join hands and stride boldly toward the radiant dawn of our nation’s tomorrow.”GNLM
“From the cool, soothing fragrance of Thanaka,To the radiant blossoms of the twelve-season flowers’ petals, From the tranquil currents of the Irrawaddy,To the verdant majesty of the Yoma mountain ranges …The strength of the Myanmar peopleLies deeply in our cherished heritage —Anchored in the enduring valuesThose who have shaped our nation through times.”Bagan.Myanmar is a nation imbued with a steadfast history and a rich tapestry of cultural traditions. From the radiant golden glow of the grand Shwedagon Pagoda to the serene, graceful flow of the Irrawaddy River, the identity of this land has been shaped through centuries by enduring customs and the quiet strength of its diverse ethnic peoples.Indeed, the essence of Myanmar’s national character is revealed even within the very name of the country itself. The word “Myanmar” reflects a dual spirit — of agility and resilience. The syllable “Myan” signifies swiftness and harmony in movement, while “Mar” evokes strength, endurance, and the will to persevere. Together, they form a portrait of a people whose resilience is not merely inherited but deeply ingrained in a spirit that has weathered time, conflict, and change with unshakable grace.Myanmar’s Thanaka is far more than a cosmetic that enhances the beauty and radiance of the skin. It is a symbol of purity, a shield against the sun’s harshness, and a living tradition passed reverently from one generation to the next. Just as Thanaka represents continuity and care, so too do the values of Myanmar refined cultural grace, unwavering unity, and resilient strength stand as enduring legacies that have been handed down and woven into the fabric of national identity.These values, inherited across generations, are not mere abstractions; they have been forged into collective strength – an energy with which the people of Myanmar have met challenge after challenge, swiftly and steadfastly. Such is the essence of Myanmar’s Way: a path born of its soil and soul, authentically Myanmar, led by its people and shaped by its enduring wisdom (Myanmar-Led Myanmar Owned).Through the tides of time, this nation has endured and emerged, rising from the shadows of colonial rule, navigating the turbulence of insurgency and unrest, and passing through eras marked by competing ideologies and political strife. And yet, in the aftermath of each storm, Myanmar has reemerged — like a radiant rainbow breaking through the clouds — rekindling hope, reaffirming identity, and writing anew the chronicles of a people who endure. Historical ValueMyanmar stands as a nation distinguished on the world stage by its ancient civilization, remarkable historical heritage, and breathtaking natural beauty. It holds a unique and enduring place in global history, not merely for the longevity of its cultural lineage, but for the profound spirit woven into every era of its past.From the glorious days of the Bagan Kingdom to the trials of colonial subjugation, through the determined struggle for independence and into the complexities of the modern era, this land has borne witness to a long and storied journey. These legacies are not relics of the past — they are mirrors reflecting the dignity, resilience, and identity of the Myanmar people.Spanning thousands of years, Myanmar’s historical narrative encompasses the rise of cultures from the Stone Age to the Bronze and Iron Ages, and onward to flourishing urban civilizations. Bagan, in particular, stands as a monumental testament to this cultural evolution, a beacon of artistic, spiritual, and political sophistication that continues to inspire and define the nation’s soul.From the dawn of Tagaung, where the words “Tagaung Abhiyaza, of the noble Sakya lineage, we the sons of Myanmar” were first inscribed, to the resplendent eras of Tharaykhittaya, Bagan, Pinya, Sagaing, Inwa, Taungoo, Nyaungyan, and Konbaung, the people of Myanmar have, across centuries, reigned with sovereign pride, ruling from thrones of their own making, under crowns forged by their own will.Throughout this long and enduring historical journey, generations of ancestors offered their blood and sacrifice to uphold the strength and sovereignty of the nation. The annals of history record their noble deeds of valour for independence, of devotion to self-rule, etched not in myth, but in the ink of real sacrifice, preserved faithfully through time.The value of Myanmar’s history lies not merely in remembering the past, but in drawing lessons from it to shape the future. History is not a closed chapter; it is the foundation upon which vision is built. For us, the present generation, this legacy is a sacred trust, a duty to safeguard, to honour, and to carry forward as we strive to build a peaceful and prosperous nation.Strategic Geographical ValueMyanmar’s geographic position commands profound significance. Situated at the crossroads of the Indochinese peninsula, it is uniquely poised, bordered to the east by the vast expanse of Asia, including the ASEAN nations and the Pacific Ocean, and to the west by the Indian Ocean along with the broader regions of South Asia.In essence, Myanmar stands as a vital land bridge, linking two distinct continental regions and flanked by two great oceans. This position not only anchors Myanmar at the nexus of Asia and beyond but also imbues it with unparalleled geopolitical importance.The country’s maritime connection to the Indian Ocean situates it at the very heart of global trade routes, serving as a critical junction among the continents of Asia, Africa, and Australia. Economically, this affords Myanmar an indispensable role in international commerce. Strategically, it elevates the nation to a position of considerable military and geopolitical relevance, making it a pivotal actor in regional security and global maritime dynamics.Nestled at the confluence between South Asia and Southeast Asia, Myanmar has long stood as a pivotal hub for trade, diplomacy, and cultural exchange – an enduring testament to its profound geopolitical value. The ancient capital of Bagan, adorned with countless pagodas, once served as a vibrant bridge of history and civilization connecting India, China, and Southeast Asia. It attracted scholars and merchants alike from across the region, weaving Myanmar into the fabric of continental dialogue and commerce.Strategically positioned on the western edge of the vast Indochinese peninsula, Myanmar’s significance is not merely defined by its geography but is amplified by the abundance of its natural resources, extensive coastline, and access to both natural and man-made ports. Its river systems, fertile lands, proximity to key maritime trade routes, and multiple sea access points further enhance its status as a land of immense value.This strategic geographic centrality calls upon every citizen of Myanmar to diligently safeguard and preserve these national assets. The people must harness this legacy with wisdom and foresight — transforming Myanmar’s geographic advantages into tangible progress that advances the collective prosperity and sovereignty of the nation. Economic ValueEconomics has long stood as one of Myanmar’s core pillars of national wealth and pride. Historically, Myanmar was renowned as the world’s largest exporter of rice, earning the distinguished title of the “Rice Bowl of Asia”. During the illustrious Bagan period (AD 949–1297), a sophisticated monetary system flourished, utilizing silver coins and ingots, and facilitating vibrant trade with India, China, and neighbouring Southeast Asian states.Throughout the eras of Inwa, Hanthawaddy, and the Konbaung dynasty (14th to 19th centuries), vital commodities such as salt, teak, and spices dominated trade routes, expanding Myanmar’s commercial ties to Europe — particularly with Portuguese and Dutch traders — as were — as well as with India and China. From jade and precious stones to petroleum and natural gas, Myanmar’s abundant natural resources have secured its reputation as one of the wealthiest nations in Asia.Today, revitalizing Myanmar’s economic value demands a multifaceted approach. Sustained growth in GDP, expansion of exports, industrial development, and the flourishing of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are essential. Equally crucial are the advancement of the agricultural sector and the stimulation of tourism — all of which must be pursued with deliberate momentum and coordinated effort to restore Myanmar’s rightful place as an economic powerhouse.Faith, Religion and Cultural ValueMyanmar is a land where faith, spirituality, and cultural traditions have flourished for thousands of years. Throughout its long civilizational journey, the people of Myanmar have persistently preserved and lived in harmony with their religious beliefs and time-honoured cultural practices. Deeply rooted in the teachings of Theravāda Buddhism, Myanmar’s culture is built upon the timeless virtues of compassion, loving-kindness, goodwill, and faith — virtues that continue to bind communities together in unity and purpose.This communal spirit is vividly reflected in the collective participation of citizens in traditional festivals and religious ceremonies, where devotion and togetherness converge in public expression. The honesty, loyalty, and gratitude that define the Myanmar character are not accidental traits, but values nurtured by the moral discipline and meditative traditions (Vāritta) upheld by generations of Buddhists.Myanmar is recognized globally as one of the principal countries that embrace Theravāda Buddhism. Yet, it is also a nation that enshrines the freedom to worship — a land where diverse religious beliefs coexist with mutual respect. While Buddhists hold their faith in reverence, they are equally respectful of other beliefs, embracing religious plurality as a mark of cultural maturity.This spirit of tolerance and spiritual freedom is enshrined in Myanmar’s 2008 Constitution, which guarantees not only political freedoms but also the right to religious liberty, affirming that the strength of a nation lies in the harmony of its beliefs and the dignity of its diversity.The inscription of Myanmar’s ancient cities — Hanlin, Beikthano, Tharaykhittaya, and the magnificent cultural site of Bagan into the UNESCO World Heritage List stands as a resounding recognition of Myanmar’s cultural grandeur by the global community. This acknowledgement extends further with the Myanmar Thingyan Festival, now inscribed on UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Soon, the traditional use of Thanaka, cherished for generations, is also expected to find its rightful place among the world’s safeguarded cultural treasures.In addition, the State Administration Council has realized a profound vision by commissioning the creation of the Māravijaya Buddha Image — a masterwork of devotion and artistry, now acclaimed as the most intellectually profound stone-carved seated Buddha image in the world. This monumental endeavour not only attests to the flourishing of Theravāda Buddhism within Myanmar but also proclaims the nation’s spiritual brilliance to the world, affirming its role as a central pillar of the Theravāda tradition. It embodies aspirations for national serenity, global peace, and the preservation of sacred heritage.(To Be Continued)GNLM
U Thein Pe Myint (10 July 1914-15 January 1978) (hereafter generally TPM) was born in the township of Budalin in the hinterland in what was then colonial Burma 111 years ago on 10 July 1914. Commemorating the occasion, this article will take a glance at and commentary on two literary ‘products’. One is in part a biographical narration about his mother, first published in 1948, and the other is a short story first published in 1965.Amay (‘Mother’ )From the academic year 1968-69 to 1985-86, all matriculation students in Burma had to study a few essays, short stories and excerpts in the Burmese language. The textbook Pinn Yin Zaga Pyay Let Yway Sin (Selected Prose for High School students). In the text, there are 61 essays, short stories or excerpts from novels written by a variety of writers. Most of these literary pieces were written between the early 20th century to the mid-1960s.One of the prose/essays in the Selected Prose is written by TPM. It was first published in 1948 and is also reproduced in his short story collection published in 1998. It is a vivid portrayal of his early life in the township of Budalin. He stated that the first memory of his late mother was when his mother stopped breastfeeding him. It ended with his mother’s death in another Upper Burma town, and he just managed to be in time in the town of Salingyi for his mother’s funeral.In addition to the reminiscences about his late mother, he wrote about his early life, high school and University years at the University of Rangoon. TPM (sort of) boasted that when he was a young lad, he had many girlfriends. He wrote to the effect that his mother told him the one girl TPM was considering to marry did not actually love him, and perhaps TPM’s attitude towards her must be the same. TPM wrote that his elder University colleague Ko Nu (later independent Burma’s first Prime Minister, 25 May 1907- 14 February 1995) was of the same opinion as his mother. (I may write another article on U Nu and U Thein Pe Myint’s political relationship.)Amay ‘Mother’ is written unsentimentally and at the same time softly and poignantly. It is a testament to the literary skills of TPM.‘Love at Sunset (of life)’: A short storyTPM also wrote novels, novellas and short stories. In 1998, a collection of 41 short stories that he had published between 1933 to August 1977 was published in one volume. Among them, I will mention only one. In Myanmar, it is titled Newin Chain A-Chit. (‘Love in the Sunset’). Former first lady of India Usha Narayanan (1922-24 January 2008) was Burma-born. Her Burmese name was Daw Tint Tint. She translated at least 17 short stories of TPM into English in her book titled Sweet and Sour, which was published in 1998. One of them is ‘Love in the Sunset’.I enquired from the University’s Central Library (UCL) in Yangon whether they have a copy of the Sweet and Sour. UCL does not have the book.Only a very brief encapsulation of ‘Love in the Sunset’ can be made here. A man in his seventies and a woman about the same age unexpectedly met in a garden or park in Rangoon. They were lovers about fifty years ago. Now, they each have grandchildren. The old man’s granddaughter’s name contains part of the name of his former lover. The old woman has also given parts of her former lover’s name to her grandson. The two grandchildren were playing. They had a slight argument of sorts. This aroused the attention of their grandparents, former lovers from 50 years back. They reminisce and they sort of blame each other for their ‘non-union’ in love. They admitted to each other that in remembrance of their loves, they gave their grandchildren parts of their former lovers’ names. The short-story writer TPM stated (somewhat anomalously) that the grandparents chose their grandchildren’s names, and the parents did not even know that parts of the names do include their parents’ former lovers’ names. Then a fight among the grandchildren ensued again, and the grandparents called back their grandchildren and left for their own ways when the sun was setting.I will translate directly from the last moving sentences of TPM’s affecting short story:QUOTEThe sun has fully set. But the love that blooms before noon is no longer in their minds. The setting is so beautiful. The little girl who is accompanying her grandfather is the old man’s ‘love at sunset’. The little boy who accompanies his grandmother is the old woman’s ‘love at sunset’.Life and love are like a ‘trifecta flower’ [the translator could not find an exact name, far less a botanical name of the flower] which changes colours three times in a day. Before noon, it is ‘lily-white’. Afternoon, it becomes lightly pinkish. At sunset, it has blood red colours.’UNQUOTEThat short story was first published on 10 October 1965 issue of the Botahtaung (‘Vanguard’)Burmese language newspaper that U Thein Pe Myint founded in 1958. It was nationalised by the Revolutionary government in 1964, but TPM continued to be a regular columnist until about 1976 or 1977.I first read U Thein Pe Myint’s short story as a seventeen-year-old in Mandalay, Burma. I recall that I suddenly stood up and almost jumped in awe after reading the last few sentences of TPM’s superb literary piece. After more than fifty years (perhaps) for only the second time, I re-read parts of the short story. I must be a sentimentalist and a past-oriented person. As I re-read parts of TPM’s short story, my face is flushed, and I am almost teary.One other time I almost literally jumped was after reading the play (in English) The Bishop’s Candlesticks: A Play in One Act by Norman McKinnel (founded on an incident in Victor Hugo’s novel Les Misérables). I read it in Room 130 of Ava Hall of Rangoon Arts and Science University sometime in late 1972. I again almost jumped up after reading the last sentences of the play. I recall that my roommate (most of the hostel students had to share a room), the late (I suppose) Ko Than Tun (from Thazi), looked at me in slight surprise after my reaction. The last sentences of the play were:QUOTEBISHOP: Putting his hand on the CONVICT’S shoulder, always remember, my son, that this poor body is the Temple of the Living God.CONVICT (with great awe). The Temple of the Living God. I’ll remember.UNQUOTEU Thein Pe Myint has authored significant literary works, including novels, novellas and short stories. I do not mean Amay and Newin Chain A-chit are the best among TPM’s short stories. I only state that these are the two that I like most among the short stories that I have read.A quick search of the web stated that Patricia Milne has translated five short stories of TPM in 1971 as a Master of Arts thesis. They were published in 1973. Eight of the short stories of TPM were translated. Patricia Milne’s translation does not include either ‘Mother’ or ‘Love at Sunset’. As stated, UCL does not have Sweet and Sour by Usha Narayanan. There must be overlaps between the Milne translation and Daw Tint Tint’s (Usha’s) translation as far as a few of the short stories are concerned. Apparently, Amay ‘Mother’ has not been translated into English by either of the translators.I understand through her social media posts that Daw Wah Wah Tin Swe has translated, in full and directly from the French language, the novel Les Misérables by Victor Hugo. (26 February 1802-22 May 1885). My congratulations.The playwright/actor Norman McKinnel (10 February 1870-29 March 1932) wrote/acted in The Bishops Candlesticks. The play was based on certain scenes from Victor Hugo’s classic novel. I am not sure whether U Thein Pe Myint’s Amay (Mother) has been translated into English, and whether the play The Bishop’s Candlesticks has been translated into Myanmar. I would be grateful for any information as to these queries.(Commemorating U Thein Pe Myint’s 111th birthday)GNLM
